Utjecaj hranidbe s dodatkom trutovskog legla na folikulogenezu u nazimica

The biological properties of bee drone brood make it an ideal additive for growth promotion in animal husbandry instead of banned hormonal anabolics and antibiotics. However, the drone brood action on mammalian ovaries has not been well studied. The present study analyzes the impact of drone brood homogenate (DBH) in the diet of growing gilts on folliculogenesis. Large White female pigs at the age of 35 days were randomly divided into two groups of 10 animals each, and fed with the same basal diets. The experimental group was supplemented with 25 mg/kg forage of DBH for 180 days, after which the animals were slaughtered and morphometric, histological and immunohistochemical evaluation of their ovaries was performed. In addition, the expression of ovarian growth factors BMP15 and GDF9 in oocytes and cumulus cells was analyzed by RT-PCR. A significant increase in body weight and average daily gain at day 145 in the DBH-supplemented group was established. The length of the ovaries in the treated animals also was enhanced. More pools of primordial follicles, involved in intensive growth, as well as a larger diameter of primary and tertiary follicles were found in the ovaries of DBH-supplemented animals. These findings corresponded with an increase in the expression of GDF9 mRNA in the oocytes and cumulus cells. At the same time, signs of atresia in the Graafian follicles of treated animals were observed. The supplementation with DBH stimulates the early stages of folliculogenesis in gilts, but provokes atresia in the last stage of follicular development.Biološka svojstva pčelinjeg trutovskog legla čine ga idealnim dodatkom za poboljšanje rasta u stočarstvu umjesto zabranjenih hormonskih anabolika i antibiotika. Ipak, utjecaj trutovskog legla na jajnike u sisavaca još uvijek nije dovoljno istražen. U ovom se radu analiziran je utjecaj homogenata trutovskog legla (DBH) u prehrani nazimica na folikulogenezu. Ženke pasmine veliki jorkšir u dobi od 35 dana nasumično su podijeljene u dvije skupine po 10 životinja, s jednakim osnovnim prehrambenim obrokom. Pokusnoj skupini u krmu je dodavano 25 mg/kg DBH-a tijekom 180 dana, nakon čega su životinje usmrćene te je učinjena morfometrijska, histološka i imunohistokemijska procjena jajnika. Zatim je u oocitama i stanicama kumulusa RT-PCR-om analiziran izražaj faktora rasta jajnika, BMP15 i GDF9. U skupini s dodatkom prehrani DBH ustanovljen je znakovit porast tjelesne mase i prosječnog dnevnog prinosa 145. dan. Povećana je i dužina jajnika u pokusnih životinja. U životinja hranjenih dodatkom pronađeno je više nakupina primordijalnih folikula uključenih u intenzivan rast, kao i veći promjer primarnih i tercijarnih folikula. Ovi su rezultati u skladu s porastom izražaja GDF9 mRNA u oocitama i stanicama kumulusa. Istodobno su opaženi znakovi atrezije u Graafovim folikulima pokusnih životinja. Dodatak prehrani DBH stimulira rane stadije folikulogeneze u nazimica, ali uzrokuje atreziju u posljednjem stadiju folikularnog razvoja

THE CAPACITY OF THE REGIONAL ENERGY MARKET OF FEED ADDITIVES FOR PRODUCTIVE ANIMALS

Цель. Провести маркетинговое исследование и определить потребность рынка Пензенской области в энергетических кормовых добавках для сельскохозяйственных животных.Материалы и методы. Исследование проводилось на основе данных реестра зарегистрированных кормовых добавок Российской Федерации, а также интернет-сайтов и коммерческих предложений производителей энергетических кормовых добавок. Определение емкости рынка энергетических кормовых добавок Пензенской области проводилось на основе статистических данных и расчетов авторов.Результаты. Результаты исследований показали, что около 81% рынка кормовых добавок Российской Федерации производятся за рубежом. Ассортимент зарегистрированных в России энергетических добавок насчитывает 64 наименования, из которых только производятся в России. В основе существующих энергетических кормовых добавок для жвачных животных используется пальмовое масло, а остальное приходится на добавки на основе пропиленгликоля. Сырьем для предлагаемой энергетической кормовой добавки является смесь отходов производства масел – подсолнечного, льняного и других, что определяет его более низкую цену по сравнению с аналогами.Заключение. Таким образом, расчеты показывают, что в Пензенской области имеется значительный потенциал рынка энергетических кормовых добавок. Кроме того, вопросы полноценного сбалансированного кормления животных выходят на первый план, так как это является одним первостепенных резервов повышение продуктивности животных и прибыли на единицу продукции.Goal. Conduct market research and determine market demand in the Penza region in the energy feed supplements for farm animals.Materials and methods. The study was conducted on the basis of data of register of feed additives to the Russian Federation, as well as Internet sites and commercial offers producers of feed additives and energy. The definition of market capacity and energy feed supplements in Penza region was based on statistics and authors ‘ calculations.Results. The results showed that about 81% of the market feed additives of the Russian Federation are imported. The range was in Russia energy supplementation has 64 names, of whom only produced in Russia. The existing energy feed supplements for ruminants used palm oil, and the rest is additives based on propylene glycol. Raw materials for the proposed energy feed additive is a mixture of waste production of oils – sunflower, Flaxseed and others that determines its lower price in comparison with analogues.Conclusion. Thus, the calculations show that in the Penza region there is a substantial potential market for energy feed additives. In addition, the importance of good balanced feeding of animals come to the fore, as this is one of the primary reserves increase animal productivity and net profit per unit of output