Particles Morphology Impact on Cytotoxicity, Hemolytic Activity and Sorption Properties of Porous Aluminosilicates of Kaolinite Group

A comparative study of the properties of aluminosilicates of the kaolinite (Al2Si2O5(OH)4∙nH2O) group with different particles morphology has been carried out. Under conditions of directed hydrothermal synthesis, kaolinite nanoparticles with spherical, sponge, and platy morphologies were obtained. Raw nanotubular halloysite was used as particles with tubular morphology. The samples were studied by X-ray diffraction, SEM, solid-state NMR, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, and the dependence of the zeta potential of the samples on the pH of the medium was defined. The sorption capacity with respect to cationic dye methylene blue in aqueous solutions was studied. It was found that sorption capacity depends on particles morphology and decreases in the series spheres-sponges-tubes-plates. The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin models describe experimental methylene blue adsorption isotherms on aluminosilicates of the kaolinite subgroup with different particles morphology. To process the kinetic data, pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order were used. For the first time, studies of the dependence of hemolytic activity and cytotoxicity of aluminosilicate nanoparticles on their morphology were carried out. It was found that aluminosilicate nanosponges and spherical particles are not toxic to human erythrocytes and do not cause their destruction at sample concentrations from 0.1 to 1 mg/g. Based on the results of the MTT test, the concentration value that causes 50% inhibition of cell population growth (IC50, mg/mL) was calculated. For nanotubes, this value turned out to be the smallest—0.33 mg/mL. For samples with platy, spherical and nanosponge morphology, the IC50 values were 1.55, 2.68, and 4.69 mg/mL, respectively

Influence of the Preparation Method on the Physico-Chemical and Sorption Properties of Montmorillonite

Layered silicates with a montmorillonite structure are widely used in various fields related to adsorption, gas and water treatment, catalysis, cosmetology and medicine. Under conditions of directed hydrothermal synthesis, montmorillonites with the specified characteristics can be obtained. The influence of the preparation method for montmorillonites of two compositions (Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 H2O and Na1.5Al0.5Mg1.5Si4O10(OH)2 H2O) on their sorption properties, moisture absorption, porous textural characteristics and surface properties has been studied. The nature of the initial reagents, the pH of the reaction medium and the synthesis temperature were chosen as the variable synthesis parameters. It has been established that the synthesis conditions significantly affect the properties of montmorillonite, which, in turn, determines the possibilities of using the materials obtained in specific areas

Hemolytic Activity and Cytotoxicity of Synthetic Nanoclays with Montmorillonite Structure for Medical Applications

The factors influencing the appearance of toxicity in samples of synthetic montmorillonite with a systematically changing chemical composition Nax(Al, Mg)2-3Si4O10(OH)2 nH2O, which are potentially important for their use in medicine as drug carriers, targeted drug delivery systems, entero- and hemosorbents have been studied. Samples synthesized under hydrothermal conditions had the morphology of nanolayers self-organized into the nanosponge structures. The effect of the aluminum content, particle sizes, porosity, and ζ-potential of the samples on their toxicity was studied. The cytotoxic effect of the samples on eukaryotic cells Ea. hy 926 was determined using the MTT assay. The hemolytic activity of the samples in the wide concentration range in relation to human erythrocytes was also estimated. It has been established that the toxicity of aluminosilicate nanoparticles can be significantly reduced by correctly selecting their synthesis conditions and chemical composition, which opens up the opportunities for their use in medicine

Adsorption Properties and Hemolytic Activity of Porous Aluminosilicates in a Simulated Body Fluid

A study of the adsorption features of bovine serum albumin (BSA), sodium and potassium cations, and vitamin B1 by porous aluminosilicates with different structures in a medium simulating blood plasma was conducted. The objects of this study were synthetic silicates with a montmorillonite structure Na2x(Al2(1-x),Mg2x)Si4O10(OH)2·nH2O (x = 0.5, 0.9, 1), aluminosilicates of the kaolinite subgroup Al2Si2O5(OH)4 with different particle morphologies (spherical, nanosponge, nanotubular, and platy), as well as framed silicates (Beta zeolite). An assessment of the possibility of using aluminosilicates as hemosorbents for extracorporeal blood purification was carried out. For this purpose, the sorption capacity of the samples both with respect to model medium molecular weight toxicants (BSA) and natural blood components—vitamins and alkaline cations—was investigated. The samples were also studied by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption. The zeta potential of the sample’s surfaces and the distribution of active centers on their surfaces by the method of adsorption of acid-base indicators were determined. A hemolytic test was used to determine the ability of the studied samples to damage the membranes of eukaryotic cells. Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin models were used to describe the experimental BSA adsorption isotherms. To process the kinetic data, pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order adsorption models were used. It was found that porous aluminosilicates have a high sorption capacity for medium molecular weight pathogens (up to 12 times that of activated charcoal for some samples) and low toxicity to blood cells. Based on the obtained results, conclusions were made about the prospects for the development of new selective non-toxic hemosorbents based on synthetic aluminosilicates with a given set of properties