ВЛИЯНИЕ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИ АКТИВНЫХ ВЕЩЕСТВ, ВЫДЕЛЕННЫХ ИЗ АОРТЫ СВИНЕЙ, НА ЖИРНОКИСЛОТНЫЙ СОСТАВ СЫВОРОТКИ КРОВИ КРЫС С МОДЕЛЬЮ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОЙ ГИПЕРЛИПИДЕМИИ

Based on results of fatty acid composition in serum of hyperlipidemic rats atherogenic index (AI) was calculated. The objects of the study were a commercial bioactive additive (BAA) containing a mixture of peptides isolated from the vessels of farm animals (Scientific and Production center of Revitalization and Health (SPRH), Russia), low molecular weight (LMUF), Mm<5kDa) and medium molecular weight (MMUF), Mm 5–30 kDa) ultrafiltrates of porcine aorta extract. Experimental hyperlipidemia was stimulated in male Wistar rats. After modeling animals in group 2 consumed 0.9 % sodium chloride solution, 3 groups — BAA, 4 groups — LMUF, 5 groups — MMUF, 1 group consisted of intact rats, contained under similar conditions. All studied samples were administered per os in a quantity of 0.3 mg protein / kg body weight for 14 days. As a result of the study, it was noted that in serum of rats treated with BAA there was polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) increase by 67.2 % (P<0.05), while monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) was decreased by 29.5 % (P<0.05) compared to the control, but there was no change in AI. Per os administration of LMUF caused a similar effect as BAA: there was an increase in the proportion of PUFA by 2.5 times (p<0.05) compared with control, while MUFA decreased by 39.7 % (P<0.05), mainly due to a reduction of oleic acid by 66.3 % (P<0.05). The relative content of saturated fatty acids (SFA) decreased by 27.8 % (P<0.05), mainly due to reduction of palmitic acid content by 45.3 % (P<0.05) compared to the control, which contributed to a decrease in serum AI by 56.4 % (P<0.05). Per os administration of MMUF did not impact on relative content of MUFA, although the share of oleic acid was reduced by 48.0 % (P<0.05), there was also an increase of PUFA content by 85.8 % (P<0.05) compared with the control, serum AI reduced by 76.9 % (P<0.05) compared with the control group also due to a decrease of palmitic acid by 78.2 % (P<0.05).В статье приведены результаты определения индекса атерогенности (ИА) сыворотки крови крыс с моделью гиперлипидемии на основе ее жирнокислотного состава. Объектами исследования являлись коммерческая добавка к пище (БАД), содержащая смесь пептидов, выделенных из сосудов сельскохозяйственных животных (Научно-производственный центр ревитализации и здоровья (НПЦРиЗ), Россия), низкомолекулярный ультрафильтрат (НМУФ, Мм<5 кДа) и среднемолекулярный ультрафильтрат (СМУФ, Мм 5–30 кДа) экстракта аорты свиней. У крыс-самцов стока Wistar моделировали экспериментальную гиперлипидемию, по окончании моделирования животным 2 группы вводили 0,9 % раствор натрия хлорида, 3 группы — БАД, 4 группы — НМУФ, 5 группы — СМУФ, 1 группа состояла из интактных крыс, содержащихся при сходных условиях. Все исследуемые образцы вводились per os из расчета 0,3 мг белка/кг массы тела на протяжении 14 суток. В результате проведенного исследования было отмечено, что у крыс, получавших БАД, наблюдалось увеличение доли полиненасыщенных жирных кислот (ПНЖК) на 67,2 % (Р<0,05) на фоне снижения доли мононенасыщенных жирных кислот (МНЖК) на 29,5 % (Р<0,05) по сравнению с контролем, однако ИА не изменялся. Внутрижелудочное введение НМУФ вызывало похожий эффект, что и БАД: наблюдалось увеличение доли ПНЖК в 2,5 раза (Р<0,05) по сравнению с контролем на фоне снижения доли МНЖК на 39,7 % (Р<0,05), преимущественно, за счет снижения олеиновой кислоты на 66,3 % (Р<0,05); относительное содержание насыщенных жирных кислот (НЖК) снизилось на 27,8 % (Р<0,05), в основном за счет уменьшения содержания пальмитиновой кислоты на 45,3 % (Р<0,05) по сравнению с контролем, что способствовало снижению ИА сыворотки крови на 56,4 % (Р<0,05). Внутрижелудочное введение СМУФ не оказывало влияния на относительное содержание МНЖК, хоть и доля олеиновой кислоты была снижена на 48,0 % (Р<0,05), также отмечалось увеличение доли ПНЖК на 85,8 % (Р<0,05) по сравнению с контролем, ИА сыворотки крови снизился на 76,9 % (Р<0,05) по сравнению с контрольной группой также за счет уменьшения доли пальмитиновой кислоты на 78,2 % (Р<0,05)

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНЫХ МЕТОДОВ БИОМОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ ДЛЯ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ ПРОДУКТОВ ПИТАНИЯ

The article describes in vitro methods basic principles, authors analyzed cell and tissue cultures used to assess toxicity and specific biological activity, including metabolic processes, include antihypertensive and cytoprotective properties analysis, antioxidant activity (in vitro and ex vivo) used to study ingredients functional properties based on animal origin raw materials, as well as meat products.В статье рассмотрены основные принципы методов in vitro, проанализированы применяемые культуры клеток и тканей, используемые для оценки токсичности и специфической биологической активности, включая исследования метаболических процессов, анализ гипотензивных и цитопротективных свойств, антиоксидантной активности (in vitro и ex vivo), используемые для оценки функциональных свойств ингредиентов на основе сырья животного происхождения, а также мясных продуктов

THE INFLUENCE OF BIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES ISOLATED FROM PORCINE AORTA ON THE SERUM FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF HYPERLIPIDEMIC RATS

Based on results of fatty acid composition in serum of hyperlipidemic rats atherogenic index (AI) was calculated. The objects of the study were a commercial bioactive additive (BAA) containing a mixture of peptides isolated from the vessels of farm animals (Scientific and Production center of Revitalization and Health (SPRH), Russia), low molecular weight (LMUF), Mm<5kDa) and medium molecular weight (MMUF), Mm 5–30 kDa) ultrafiltrates of porcine aorta extract. Experimental hyperlipidemia was stimulated in male Wistar rats. After modeling animals in group 2 consumed 0.9 % sodium chloride solution, 3 groups — BAA, 4 groups — LMUF, 5 groups — MMUF, 1 group consisted of intact rats, contained under similar conditions. All studied samples were administered per os in a quantity of 0.3 mg protein / kg body weight for 14 days. As a result of the study, it was noted that in serum of rats treated with BAA there was polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) increase by 67.2 % (P<0.05), while monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) was decreased by 29.5 % (P<0.05) compared to the control, but there was no change in AI. Per os administration of LMUF caused a similar effect as BAA: there was an increase in the proportion of PUFA by 2.5 times (p<0.05) compared with control, while MUFA decreased by 39.7 % (P<0.05), mainly due to a reduction of oleic acid by 66.3 % (P<0.05). The relative content of saturated fatty acids (SFA) decreased by 27.8 % (P<0.05), mainly due to reduction of palmitic acid content by 45.3 % (P<0.05) compared to the control, which contributed to a decrease in serum AI by 56.4 % (P<0.05). Per os administration of MMUF did not impact on relative content of MUFA, although the share of oleic acid was reduced by 48.0 % (P<0.05), there was also an increase of PUFA content by 85.8 % (P<0.05) compared with the control, serum AI reduced by 76.9 % (P<0.05) compared with the control group also due to a decrease of palmitic acid by 78.2 % (P<0.05)

Influence of Deuterium Depleted Water on Rat Physiology: Reproductive Function, Forming and Posterity Development

Reproductive function and postnatal progeny development of rats in four generations treated with deuterium depleted water (40 ppm) were investigated. The targeted generations were parent (F0), first (F1), second (F2) and third (F3). Replacement of tap water to deuterium depleted water did not influence on fertility index as well as on survival and postnatal offspring development. Reproductive function, physical parameters and reflexes development in rats and pups consumed DDW was similar or more intensive in comparison with control group. Therefore, DDW consumption did not possess any toxic effects and may enhance general postnatal development

Influence of Deuterium Depleted Water on Rat Physiology: Reproductive Function, Forming and Posterity Development

Reproductive function and postnatal progeny development of rats in four generations treated with deuterium depleted water (40 ppm) were investigated. The targeted generations were parent (F0), first (F1), second (F2) and third (F3). Replacement of tap water to deuterium depleted water did not influence on fertility index as well as on survival and postnatal offspring development. Reproductive function, physical parameters and reflexes development in rats and pups consumed DDW was similar or more intensive in comparison with control group. Therefore, DDW consumption did not possess any toxic effects and may enhance general postnatal development

Suspension Cell Culture of <i>Dioscorea deltoidea</i>—A Renewable Source of Biomass and Furostanol Glycosides for Food and Pharmaceutical Industry

Dioscorea deltoidea is a medicinal plant valued for its high content of steroidal glycosides (SG)—bioactive compounds with cardioprotective and immunomodulation actions, also used to treat reproductive system disorders. To overcome the limitations of natural resources of this species, a suspension cell culture of D. deltoidea was developed as a renewable and ecologically sustainable source of raw biomass and SG. Cell culture demonstrated stable and intensive growth in the laboratory (20 L) and industrial (630 L) bioreactors operated under a semi-continuous regime (specific growth rate 0.11–1.12 day−1, growth index 3.5–3.7). Maximum dry weight accumulation (8.5–8.8 g/L) and SG content (47–57 mg/g DW) were recorded during the stationary phase. Bioreactor-produced cell biomass contained inorganic macro (K, Ca, Mg, Na) and micro (Zn, Mn, Fe, B, Al, Cu, Cr, Se, Co, Ni) elements in concentrations within the safe range of dietary recommendations. Acute toxicity test showed no or insignificant changes in organ weight, hematological panel and blood biochemistry of laboratory animals fed with 2000 and 5000 mg/kg dry biomass. The results suggest that cell culture of D. deltoidea grown in bioreactors has great potential to be used as functional foods and a component of specialized dietary supplements in complex therapy of reproductive system disorders and mineral deficiency

Prefrontal cortex inflammation and liver pathologies accompany cognitive T and motor deficits following Western diet consumption in non-obese female mice

peer reviewedaudience: researcher, professional, studentAims: The high sugar and lipid content of the Western diet (WD) is associated with metabolic dysfunction, non- alcoholic steatohepatitis, and it is an established risk factor for neuropsychiatric disorders. Our previous studies reported negative effects of the WD on rodent emotionality, impulsivity, and sociability in adulthood. Here, we investigated the effect of the WD on motor coordination, novelty recognition, and affective behavior in mice as well as molecular and cellular endpoints in brain and peripheral tissues. Main methods: Female C57BL/6 J mice were fed the WD for three weeks and were investigated for glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, liver steatosis, and changes in motor coordination, object recognition, and despair behavior in the swim test. Lipids and liver injury markers, including aspartate-transaminase, alanine-transa- minase and urea were measured in blood. Serotonin transporter (SERT) expression, the density of Iba1-positive cells and concentration of malondialdehyde were measured in brain. Key findings: WD-fed mice exhibited impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance, a loss of motor co- ordination, deficits in novel object exploration and recognition, increased helplessness, dyslipidemia, as well as signs of a non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-like syndrome: liver steatosis and increased liver injury markers. Importantly, these changes were accompanied by decreased SERT expression, elevated numbers of microglia cells and malondialdehyde levels in, and restricted to, the prefrontal cortex. Significance: The WD induces a spectrum of behaviors that are more reminiscent of ADHD and ASD than pre- viously recognized and suggests that, in addition to the impairment of impulsivity and sociability, the con- sumption of a WD might be expected to exacerbate motor dysfunction that is also known to be associated with adult ADHD and ASD