THE CLASTOGENIC EFFECT OF TARTRAZINE, A SYNTHETIC YELLOW DYE, IN PLANT MERISTEMATIC TISSUES

Food dyes is used both in commercial food production and in domestic cooking. One of the colorants is tartrazine (Tz), a synthetic lemon yellow dye. The purpose of this paper was to highlight the clastogenic effect of Tz to plants meristematic tissues, using the Allium assay. Three different concentrations (0.3, 1 and 1.3%) were used, the exposure time being 6 hours. The statistical analysis of the obtained results indicates that with the increase Tz concentration, mitotic activity is inhibited, while the chromosomal aberration rate in the cells in mitosis as well as the frequency of nuclear abnormalities in the interphase cells increases. The main genetic abnormalities identified were laggards, stickiness, C-mitosis and micronucleus. These results suggest prudence regarding the consumption of processed foods which containing tartrazine

THE INFLUENCE OF FOLIAR FERTILIZERS ON RAPE CROPS FROM SCDA CARACAL

Rapeseed crop fertilization is one of the greatest technological elements that had the most significant impact on production.The quantity and quality of the seed production are determined to a large extent also by the technological link fertilizatio, respectively the amount of fertilizers with macro and micronutrients, the report between the fertilising applied elements and the exact moment of fertilizing. Alongside a basic mineral fertilizer, which remains indispensable, foliar fertilization is a measure to increase both the amount of crop and its quality.Given the importance of fertilization in the technology of rape culture and its requirements for secondary macronutrients and micronutrients, in the present study research had been made on the effect of foliar fertilizers on rape culture at SCDA Caracal.The obtained results led to the conclusion that, when it comes to rape, performing more treatments, as well as combining several fertilizers or treatments, lead to obtaining vigorous plants with an increased number of branches and those of capsules on plants so production will be improved quantitatively and qualitatively

THE POTENTIAL FOR USING MICROORGANISMS IN FOOD BIOTECHNOLOGY

Microorganisms are complex systems, mono or multicellular, with prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells, endowed with their own metabolism and genetic continuity, very diverse in shape, size and metabolic activity. The microorganisms used in biotechnologies are known as useful microorganisms, used in the form of starter cultures for fermentation processes which are the basis for the development of the food industry: fermentative yeasts used in the beer production, wine, ethyl alcohol, bakery; lactic and propionic bacteria used in the dairy industry and in food preservation, etc.The agri-food field is one of the great beneficiaries of the development of biotechnology, being able to provide in the near future most of the raw materials needed for human food. Technological processes for obtaining food, with some exceptions (sugar industry, oil plants industry, milling industry), are biotechnologies that are based on the use of microorganisms or their metabolites

THE ROLE OF FORESTS IN THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF ROMANIA

The aim of our paper is to analyze the factors that play an important role in adopting a sustainable management strategy for the Romanian forests. The underlying methodology of our research is based on the review of mainstream literature and on the quantitative analysis of national and international statistical data in order to design a model of sustainable development. Research findings show that critical factors contributing to environmental degradation fall into three categories: human factors, national legislation and environmental factors. Our findings reveal that forest management in Romania display several peculiarities that have a negative impact on the degradation of the ecosystem, reduction of the renewable capacity of forests and lowering of the quality of life. In conclusion, drafting a sustainable development strategy is not effective if we do not take into consideration the factors that could turn into challenges and barriers in the implementation of the strategy

DISTURBANCE OF MITOTIC ACTIVITY TO SUNFLOWER UNDER INFLUENCE OF PROPAQUIZAFOP HERBICIDE

Weed control is one of the very important technological stages for sunflower, executed both pre-emergence and post-emergence. However, excessive use of herbicides may have some adverse effects on the normal development of cell division. One of the active substances used post-emergence frequently to sunflower crops is Propaquizafop (commercial name Agil).In order to determine the mitotic activity to sunflower under the influence of this herbicide, three treatment variants (V1/10 ppm; V2/20 ppm; V3/50 ppm) were performed along with an untreated control. Cytogenetic analysis revealed the mitodepresive effect of the herbicide at the same time with the increased of concentrations; as well as its genotoxic effect, quantified by the occurrence of several types of mitotic anomalies (metaphase and telophase stickiness, ring chromosomes and multinucleated cells).The results suggest genotoxicity and mutagenic potential of the Propaquizafop herbicide and the need to apply the integrated methods for crops protection to protect the environment and preserve biodiversity

THE ENERGY BALANCE FOR SUNFLOWER CROPS UNDER IRRIGATION AND DIFFERENT DOSES OF FERTILIZERS AND BASIC SOIL OPERATIONS

This paper presents the energetic results of sunflower crops under different irrigation doses, fertilizers and soil operations. The results regarding the energy (produced, consumed and energetic balance) and measured in Mcal/ha taking into consideration water supplies and the machines used for the soil reflect high values. While the sunflower production was modest, the energetic balance was high for all the factors because of the energetic content of the products. The value determined for the sunflower production confirms the fact that this crop is very profitable when the factors are offered at the level demanded by the crop, the energy volume is very high and the volume of the consumed energy is very low

THE INFLUENCE OF THE HYBRID ON EARLY TOMATOES PRODUCTION

In greenhouses solarium type for early productions are used tomato hybrids with semi-determined growth (5 floors fructification) or undeterminated growth, but the plants are stagnated in growth after 4-5 fructifications floors. In this regard, it was studied the behavior of some tomato hybrids for early crop in solarium, in Izbiceni vegetable basin, in southern Romania. The tomato hybrids were: Gravitet F1,MagnusF1, ParisF1, PrekosF1. In the experience they have made observations about the way of growth of plants, the productive potential of hybrids and biochemical analyzes were performed on the fruits (total soluble dry, total soluble solids, titratable acidity and vitamin C content). From the point of view of growth, all hybrids had semi-determined growth after 5 floors of fructification occurs growth stagnation. The best yields were registered at Magnus F1 and Gravitet F1 hybrids and Prekos F1 and Paris F1 hybrids recorded lower productions, but in optimum temperatures conditions at limit, had a good early fructification they compensated by sales to advantageous prices

STUDY CONCERNING THE LEVEL OF NITRATES CONCENTRATION IN SOME VEGETAL PRODUCTS SOLD IN CRAIOVA

The accumulation of nitrates in vegetables and fruits is subject to factors such as applied agricultural technique and, in particular, applied fertilizers for the basic and additional fertilization, vegetable species and the biochemical and physiological genotypes, phase of vegetation, time of harvest, etc. The process of accumulation of the vegetable product is a complex process that can though be controlled by growers. Their tendency to obtaining yields as high as possible by applying high doses of nitrogen and often not supported by appropriate doses of P and K, with the risk of vegetables with high contents of nitrate, must be stopped first by an intense educational, informative activity, and then the controls in markets. The results obtained in this study were compared to the maximum permissible limit for each product. In almost all analyzed vegetable species, irrespective of their origin, the nitrate content is far below the LMA, which can make us consider that health standards are respected, regarding the maximum limits for nitrates in foods of plant origin

THE VARIABILITY OF SOME CHARACTERS AND THEIR CORRELATIONS WITH THE YIELD OF AN EXTENSIVE ASSORTMENT OF AUTUMN WHEAT VARIETIES, TESTED ON THE CHERNOZEM FROM ARDS CARACAL

In 2021 year, 120 cultivars of winter wheat were tested on the Caracal chernozem in microplots. The following traits were determined: yield, thousand kernel weight, test weight, days from 01.01 to heading date. The variability of the characters was studied by the method of boxplots and variability coefficients. The obtained yield registered values between 12306 kg / ha for the Romanian cultivar Ursita and 5803 kg / ha for the KWS Marvel cultivar. The plant height had values between 110 cm for the Kapitol cultivar and 69 cm for the Avenue cultivar. The test weight showed values in the range 78 kg / hl (Apexus) - 64.2 kg / hl (Atuan). The thousand kernel weight recorded values between 47.2 g for the SY Starlord cultivar and 29.29 g for the Amburgo cultivar. The period from 01.01 to heading date lasted between 143 days (Sophie and Lennox) and 123 days (Tata Mata and Felix). The highest coefficient of variability was presented by the yield, this being over 10%. The lowest variability was registered by the test weight and the period from 01.01 to heading date, the values being around 3%. The analysis of the variability of the yield by the boxplot method highlighted a negative outlier (KWS Marvel cultivar). From the point of view of plant height, by the same method, three positive outliers were observed - Kapitol, Bezostaia and Exotic. Their height - 110, 109, and 108 cm, respectively, is significantly larger than that of all other cultivars. The values of the calculated correlation coefficients suggested that in the climatic conditions of 2020-2021 agricultural year, the yield was not correlated with any of the studied characters, the coefficients being below 0.21 (the value from which the correlation could be considered significant at P = 5%)