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    By Modulating the Hormonal Balance and Ribonuclease Activity of Tomato Plants Bacillus subtilis Induces Defense Response against Potato Virus X and Potato Virus Y

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    Endophytic plant-growth-promoting microorganisms can protect plants against pathogens, but they have rarely been investigated as potential biocontrol agents and triggers of induced systemic resistance (ISR), regulated by phytohormones, against viruses. We studied the role of endophytic strains Bacillus subtilis 26D and B. subtilis Ttl2, which secrete ribonucleases and phytohormones, in the induction of tomato plant resistance against potato virus X and potato virus Y in a greenhouse condition. The endophytes reduced the accumulation of viruses in plants, increased the activity of plant ribonucleases and recovered the fruit yield of infected tomato plants. Both the 26D and Ttl2 strains induced ISR by activating the transcription of genes related to salicylate- and jasmonate-dependent responses. The 26D and Ttl2 strains increased the content of cytokinins and decreased the level of indolacetic acid in plants infected with PVX or PVY. PVY led to an increase of the abscisic acid (ABA) content in tomato plants, and PVX had the opposite effect. Both strains reduced the ABA content in plants infected with PVY and induced ABA accumulation in plants infected with PVX, which led to an increase in the resistance of plants. This is the first report of the protection of tomato plants against viral diseases by foliar application of endophytes

    Особенности взаимосвязи редокс-метаболизма и структуры растений кальцефитов

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    Calciphyte species form a systematically and structurally heterogeneous group of plants capable of tolerating highly stressful conditions. Various structural adaptations occur in calciphytes to protect them against excess light (leaf pubescence) and moisture loss (waxy coating). Their shoot structure determines the volume of primary plant production. The present work studied the relationship between the antioxidant status and structural features of some calciphyte species. Redox metabolism in plant leaves was assessed using parameters such as water content, photosynthetic pigments, soluble carbohydrates, water-soluble phenolic compounds, water-soluble and membrane-bound proteins, and lipid peroxidation (LPO) level. The data obtained showed that the contents of the components regulating redox metabolism correlate both with each other and with the structural parameters of plants. In particular, the content of photosynthetic pigments in multi-species communities is lower in taller plants than in low-growing ones. The content of phenolic compounds and the level of LPO in calciphyte leaves are associated with the level of development of wax covering. The plants forming clumps and vigorous shoots exhibit increased LPO activityРастения кальцефитных флор образуют систематически и структурно неоднородную группу растений, способных переносить высокострессовые условия. Кальцефиты реализуют различные структурные адаптации, противодействуя избытку света (опушение), снижая потери влаги (восковой налет). Структура их побегов определяет объем первичной продукции растений. Цель настоящей работы – изучить взаимосвязи антиоксидантного статуса со структурными особенностями некоторых представителей кальцефитной флоры. Редокс-метаболизм оценивали по оводненности листьев, содержанию фотосинтетических пигментов, углеводов, фенольных соединений, водорастворимых и мембранно-связанных белков, интенсивности накопления продуктов перекисного окисления липидов (ПОЛ). Полученные данные показали, что количественное содержание компонентов, регулирующих редокс-метаболизм, демонстрирует наличие корреляционных связей к ак между о тдельными г руппами э тих в еществ, т ак и со структурными показателями растений. В частности, в многовидовых сообществах у более высоких растений содержание фотосинтетических пигментов ниже, чем у низкорослых. Содержание фенольных соединений и уровень ПОЛ в листьях кальцефитов связаны с уровнем развития воскового налета. Растения, формирующие куртины и мощные побеги, характеризуются повышенной активностью ПО
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