National trends in incidence and geographic distribution of melanoma and keratinocyte carcinoma in the Russian Federation

Keratinocyte Carcinomas (KC), including basal cell and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas, are the most common skin cancers in Fitzpatrick phototype I-III individuals, while melanoma is one of the deadliest skin cancer types. The incidence of both melanoma and KC is increasing in Russia. KCs’ incidence increases from north-to-south across the Russian Federation. In contrast, while melanoma’s incidence increases from north-to-south in the eastern part of the country, in the west of Russia a reverse latitude gradient trend is noted, where northern more affluent regions of Russia display higher rates of melanoma than the southern jurisdictions. Furthermore, our detailed analysis of incidence by jurisdiction highlights that affluent northern capital cities have higher rates of melanoma than the surrounding regions. The observed melanoma incidence trends in the western portion of Russia are similar to the findings in the western Europe and opposite of the findings in Canada

Burden and geographic distribution of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers in the Russian Federation

BackgroundThe global incidence of lip and oral cavity cancers (OCCs) and oropharyngeal cancers (OPCs) is steadily increasing. While tobacco and alcohol consumption are established risk factors, a considerable proportion of these cancers has become attributed to human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. We aimed to describe the occurrence and identify potential risk factors of OCCs and OPCs across the Russian Federation during 2007-2018.MethodsWe conducted an ecological analysis using publicly accessible data from the P.A. Herzen Moscow Oncology Research Institute. Incidence and mortality rates by jurisdiction were mapped for geospatial analysis. We pre-defined 11 potential contributing risk factors and used univariable and multivariable Poisson regression model with backwards stepwise variable selection to identify associated factors with OCC and OPC.ResultsA total of 190,585 individuals were diagnosed with OCCs and OPCs in Russia between 2007-2018. Non-uniform geographic distribution of cancer cases was noted where the Far Eastern Federal District had the highest rate of OCC and the Central Federal District of OPCs. Districts with high weekly alcohol consumption had significantly higher incidence and mortality rates in both sexes. Districts with high rates of daily smoking had higher incidence of OCC among females, and those with low smoking trends had lower mortality rates for OCCs and OPCs.ConclusionWe detail the burden of OCCs and OPCs across Russia, with the aim of elucidating modifiable risk factors and proposing evidence-based prevention strategies. Tobacco/alcohol sales control measures and smoking/drinking cessation programs should continue to be prioritized as public health measures, especially for females

Demographic Problems as Hindrance for Sustainable Development of a Mining Region (the Case of Kemerovo Region)

Positive dynamics of the general indicators of population reproduction is both the basis and the goal of sustainable development in a region. The analysis shows that the demographic problems of the studied mining region hinder the sustainable development of Kemerovo Region (Kuzbass). These issues include long-term population decline, age and gender imbalances in the structure of the population, an increase in the number of citizens older than the working age, and an increase in the demographic burden on the economically active population. The resource and industrial nature of Kuzbass plays a significant role in the dynamics of these processes. The study examines the relationship between demographic indicators and those of sustainable development. The influence of demographic processes was studied by the method of correlation and regression analysis. The authors found negative impact of the dynamics in the population reproduction processes on the number of people employed in the region’s economy, on the gross regional product and investment in fixed assets. A statistically significant relationship was established between mortality rate of the entire population, mortality of the working age group and indicators of sustainable development. The reasons for the high mortality rates in the region include the employment of a significant part of the workforce in hard and hazardous working conditions, high occupational morbidity, injuries, adverse environmental conditions caused by intensive mining, air pollution, and industrial waste. It is concluded that in developing a regional social and economic policy, the positive dynamics of population reproduction processes should be considered as a key factor in the region’s sustainable development

New-onset of pemphigus following COVID-19 infection: A case report

COVID-19 has been implicated in various cutaneous autoimmune diseases. Pemphigus is a group of autoimmune blistering diseases that target the desmosomal complexes. Pemphigus triggered by COVID-19 has been seldom reported in the literature and remains both a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. We report a case of COVID-19-induced pemphigus that responded well to prednisone and mycophenolate mofetil after 9 months from initial presentation. On histologic examination, both intercellular and basement membrane staining were noted. Indirect immunofluorescence staining was positive against the intercellular cement of the stratified epithelium from monkey esophagus. We hypothesize that COVID-19 stimulated the release of multiple pemphigus antigens, which resulted in the unusual histologic pattern reported in the present case. Although malignancy should be suspected when features of paraneoplastic pemphigus, such as basement membrane staining on direct immunofluorescence, are noted, it may also be a histologic pattern of pemphigus secondary to COVID-19 that clinicians may consider

The question of finding the shortest distance between two points of different diversity

Digital education at the university implies application of information technologies, active learning methods and comprehensive algorithmizing of the process of solving various tasks. It is also supposed to create application software packages, which can find their application at the junction of various disciplines. (1) One area of digital education is to solve the problems of motion optimization and localization of various objects. In particular, the question of finding the shortest distance between points lying on two different varieties (curves, plane, etc.) is frequently solved (more than 10) Here are examples of the solving. The first example describes an algorithm for finding the shortest distance between two parabolas lying in the same plane; the second example suggests a solution course for an elliptical paraboloid and a point on the coordinate axis. Finally, the third example deals with the distance between a cube parabola and a hemisphere with the center at the beginning of the coordinates

Improvement of rural territories in the Vologda region

Creation and improvement of a comfortable, environmentally friendly and aesthetically rich environment of tourist areas is of great importance both in large cities and rural areas. The paper aims at the development of a project for the improvement and landscaping of the KupecheskyDvorik public territory in Ustye village (Vologda region, the Russian Federation). Ustye village is a tourist center of the region, so it is important to create an attractive image of the city for tourists. In the course of work, the improvement and landscaping of a public territory was conducted; an assortment of trees, shrubs and herbaceous vegetation was selected; trees and shrubs were planted as long as a lawn and flowerbeds. In accordance with the developed project, Thujaoccidentalis ‘Brabant’ was planted in a row along the building adjacent to the House of the Merchant Nikulichev; an ordinary garden lawn was created from the grass mixture of Festucarubra, Festucapratensis and Poapratensis between the House of the Merchant Nikulichev and its fence. According to the project, on the territory there are flowerbeds consisting of perennial plants: Astilbearendsii Gloria Purpurea, Hósta, PotentillafruticosaAbbotswood, Saxifragaarendsii, Heuchera. On the territory of the KupecheskyDvorik near the buildings there are signs with the name of the object, QR and bar codes. The created landscaping elements attract with their beauty, aesthetics and environmental friendliness which contributes to the creation of a high-quality urban environment and an increase in the tourist attractiveness of the village of Ustye

Effects of Ozone and Clouds on Temporal Variability of Surface UV Radiation and UV Resources over Northern Eurasia Derived from Measurements and Modeling

Temporal variability in erythemal radiation over Northern Eurasia (40°–80° N, 10° W–180° E) due to total ozone column (X) and cloudiness was assessed by using retrievals from ERA-Interim reanalysis, TOMS/OMI satellite measurements, and INM-RSHU chemistry–climate model (CCM) for the 1979–2015 period. For clear-sky conditions during spring and summer, consistent trends in erythemal daily doses (Eery) up to +3%/decade, attributed to decreases in X, were calculated from the three datasets. Model experiments suggest that anthropogenic emissions of ozone-depleting substances were the largest contributor to Eery trends, while volcanic aerosol and changes in sea surface temperature also played an important role. For all-sky conditions, Eery trends, calculated from the ERA-Interim and TOMS/OMI data over the territory of Eastern Europe, Siberia and Northeastern Asia, were significantly larger (up to +5–8%/decade) due to a combination of decrease in ozone and cloudiness. In contrast, all-sky maximum trends in Eery, calculated from the CCM results, were only +3–4%/decade. While Eery trends for Northern Eurasia were generally positive, negative trends were observed in July over central Arctic regions due to an increase in cloudiness. Finally, changes in the ultraviolet (UV) resources (characteristics of UV radiation for beneficial (vitamin D production) or adverse (sunburn) effects on human health) were assessed. When defining a “UV optimum” condition with the best balance in Eery for human health, the observed increases in Eery led to a noticeable reduction of the area with UV optimum for skin types 1 and 2, especially in April. In contrast, in central Arctic regions, decreases in Eery in July resulted in a change from “UV excess” to “UV optimum” conditions for skin types 2 and 3