Organizational and Legal Issues of Prosecutor’s Supervision of Noncustodial Penalties’ Enforcement

The article deals with a set of issues related to the due course of law in the execution of punishments not related to isolation from society, and which have recently become widespread in the framework of the implementation of one of the directions of the state's policy in the field of combating crime - the expansion of types of punishments alternative to imprisonment. The author analyzes the powers of the prosecutor's office as a guarantor of compliance with the rule of law in the field of prosecutorial supervision, the purpose of which is, on the one hand, to identify, suppress and prevent violations of the law in the execution of criminal sentences and prevention of recurrence of crimes, and on the other, to respect the rights and legitimate interests of convicts

Condition and structure of meadow vegetation in the floodplain area of the Bolshoi Kinel River

This study aims to characterize the structural composition of little-studied riverine grassy landscapes, focusing on the vegetation of floodplain meadows. Botanical analysis of the vegetation was conducted on the territory of the floodplain of the Bolshoi Kinel River, Kinelsky district, Samara region, using generally accepted geobotanical methods. The current state and composition of plant communities in the floodplain meadows of the Bolshoi Kinel River are described. The study reveals that various types of floodplain meadows were formed on the floodplain profile under the influence of environmental and natural factors, with three classes of meadow formations identified: real, steppe, and swampy. The real meadow formations predominate on the floodplain profile, characterized by a high number of plant associations and plant species. In contrast, the steppe meadow formations, common in the middle section of the floodplain, are less developed, as evidenced by the associative and species composition of the grass stand. Notably, the vegetation of swampy meadows requires a comprehensive and more detailed study, as the floodplain of the Bolshoi Kinel River is characterized by an abundance of swamps distributed throughout the entire profile

Межрегиональные сопоставления в дошкольном образовании: система рейтинговых оценок

The authors argue that ranking assessment in education has become a very popular subject for discussion in the educational community and among personnel of education authorities. It is demonstrated that a reliable regional ranking is a kind of a benchmarking as it enables each region not only to see its achievements and failures, but to overcome the current difficulties taking into account the achievements of the neighbors. In this regard the word «reliable» is of particular importance. It is the authors’ opinion that the calculations are based on a serious methodology, specially selected meaningfully interpreted indicators comparable by regions, reliable information database -data from the federal statistical observation (results of annual federal statistical observations on the activities of preschool educational organizations, on consumer prices, etc.). The comparisons of regional preschool education systems are interesting in themselves, as it is in the early childhood that, regardless of the place of residence, a foundation for a child’s socialization and outcomes of his further education are created. The article presents a comparative analysis of various aspects of the preschool education system functioning in the regions of Russia based on a complex of ranking assessments for 2010 and 2012. The objects of the research are 83 regional preschool education systems.Авторами аргументируется актуальность темы рейтингования в образовании, которая стала весьма популярной для обсуждения в образовательном сообществе и среди работников органов управления образованием. Доказывается, что вызывающие доверие региональные рейтинги представляют собой своеобразный «бенчмаркинг», поскольку не только позволяют каждому региону увидеть свои достижения и просчеты, но и найти, ориентируясь на достижения соседей, пути преодоления текущих сложностей. Здесь особое значение имеет слово «доверие». Именно так можно оценить те характеристики региональных различий, которые представлены в статье. По мнению авторов, расчетные данные базируются на серьезной методологии, специально отобранных и имеющих содержательную интерпретацию показателях, которые можно сопоставлять в региональном разрезе, надежной информационной базе - данных федерального статистического наблюдения - результатах ежегодных федеральных статистических наблюдений за деятельностью дошкольных образовательных организаций, за потребительскими ценами и др. Сопоставление региональных систем дошкольного образования имеет самостоятельный интерес, поскольку именно в раннем детстве независимо от места проживания закладываются основы социализации ребенка и результаты его дальнейшего обучения. В статье приводится сравнительный анализ различных аспектов функционирования системы дошкольного образования в российских регионах на основе комплекса рейтинговых оценок за 2010 и 2012 гг. Объектом исследования выступают 83 региональные системы дошкольного образования

Design and baseline characteristics of the finerenone in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in diabetic kidney disease trial

Background: Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials. Patients and Methods: The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate >= 25 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio >= 30 to <= 5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level alpha = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. Conclusions: FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements