Level Kinetic Approach in the Case of Strong Vibrational Nonequilibrium for a Pure Diatomic Gas

Projet M3NWe present in this report a mathematical modelization of a pure gas flow in strong vibrational nonequilibrium. The model is deduced from the kinetic theory by the generalized Chapman-Enskog procedure. The transport coefficients are solutions of complex systems obtained in a general framework. Simpler systems are deduced from physical approximations and may be solved numerically at a low computational coast

Fluorescence Analysis of E. coli Bacteria in Water

The fluorescence analysis of Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria was done. It has been established that a luminescent signal from the one of metabolites (reduction form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NADH) can be adopted as a vitality indicator of the bacteria. This signal was chosen as an analytical signal. It was determined that the nature of this signal is fluorescence. In order to eliminate influence of the light scattering on this fluorescence signal optimal conditions were chosen

Pharmacological correction of the sequelae of acute alcohol-induced myocardial damage with new derivatives of neuroactive amino acids coupled with the blockade of the neuronal NO synthase isoform

Introduction: Acute alcohol intoxication (AAI) induces a number of myocardial disorders, which result in mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiomyocytes, oxidative stress, and decreased cardiac contractility. Nitric oxide produced by the nNOS is one of the major modulators of cardiac activity. New derivatives of GABA (RSPU-260 compound) and glutamate (glufimet) can be potentially regarded as such agents as the interaction between the NO system and the GABA and glutamatergic systems has been proved. Materials and methods: All the studies were performed on female white Wistar rats, aged 10 months, whose weight was 280–320g AAI intoxication was modeled of 32% ethanol (gavage, 4g/kg). Results and discussion: Glufimet and the RSPU-260 compound caused a significant improvement in myocardial contractility, increased oxygen consumption in the V3 state according to Chance, raised the respiratory control ratio and decreased the intensity of LPO intensity. Their effectiveness exceeded that of mildronate, their comparator. nNOS inhibition resulted in a pronounced aggravation of oxidative stress implicated in MDA accumulation in cardiac mitochondria and decreased activity of SOD; myocardial contractility and mitochondrial function indicators did not show a significant difference from the control group. The compounds under study coupled with nNOS inhibition had a cardioprotective effect. Conclusion: Glufimet and the RSPU-260 compound, derivatives of neuroactive amino acids, have a pronounced cardioprotective effect, restrict LPO processes, enhance SOD activity, improve the mitochondrial respiratory function after acute alcohol intoxication when coupled with neuronal NO-synthase inhibition, the expression of which persists after AAI. Graphical abstract

Kinetic and continuum modeling of high-temperature oxygen and nitrogen binary mixtures

The present paper provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of thermochemistry models of various fidelity levels developed in leading research groups around the world. Fully kinetic, hybrid kinetic-continuum, and fully continuum approaches are applied to analyze parameters of hypersonic flows starting from the revision of single-temperature rate constants up to the application in 1-D postshock conditions. Comparison of state-specific and two-temperature approaches shows there are very significant and often qualitative differences in the time-dependent nonequilibrium reaction rates and their ratio to the corresponding single-temperature rates. A major impact of the vibration-dissociation coupling on the temporal relaxation of gas properties is shown. For instance, the legacy Park's model has a strongly nonlinear behavior of nonequilibrium reaction rate with vibrational temperature, while a nearly linear shape exists for all state-specific approaches. Analysis of vibrational level populations in the nonequilibrium region shows a profound impact of the numerical approach and the model on the population ratios, and thus vibrational temperatures inferred from such ratios. The difference in the ultraviolet absorption coefficients, calculated by a temperature-based spectral code using vibrational populations from state-specific and kinetic approaches, is found to exceed an order of magnitude

Kinetic and continuum modeling of high-temperature air relaxation

Fully kinetic, vibrationally kinetic, and continuum solvers with varying model fidelity are used in this work to model the high-temperature relaxation of air in 7230 and 15,000 K adiabatic heat baths and a 6 km/s hypersonic flow over a cylinder. The results show significant impact of uncertainties in vibrational relaxation times and reaction rate constants on thermal and chemical relaxation, in particular, on gas temperature and species mole fractions. Most notably, these uncertainties need to be reduced for collisions that include nitric oxide. Order-of-magnitude differences in the nitric oxide dissociation and recombination rates have a large impact on the peak NO mole fraction immediately behind the shock and surface-distributed heat flux, respectively. High-fidelity kinetic and continuum approaches are found to have different reaction channels having the largest effect on species mole fractions and gas temperature: N-2+O exchange and O-2+O dissociation in the former, and NO+O and O-2+N-2 dissociation in the latter

Первичная цилиарная дискинезия у детей

The article presents current approaches to medical care delivery in children with primary ciliary dyskinesia. The genetic heterogeneity of the disease causes the variability of pathological symptoms in clinical practice. The most common clinical manifestation in children is the frequent inflammatory diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract which are registered in the majority of patients, especially in young children. However, the diagnosis is often untimely due to the low disease awareness among medical specialists. The article describes the algorithm for differential diagnostic search in detail, presents approaches to the treatment and management of pediatric patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia. The material is based on clinical recommendations developed and approved by the professional association «Union of Pediatricians of Russia»; recommendations were updated in 2018.Авторами представлены актуальные подходы к оказанию медицинской помощи детям с первичной цилиарной дискинезией. Генетическая неоднородность данного заболевания обусловливает вариабельность патологических симптомов в клинической практике. Наиболее распространенное проявление болезни у детей — частые воспалительные заболевания верхних и нижних дыхательных путей, которые регистрируются у большинства пациентов, особенно у детей раннего возраста. При этом диагноз болезни зачастую устанавливается несвоевременно вследствие невысокой осведомленности специалистов о данной нозологии. В статье подробно изложен алгоритм дифференциально-диагностического поиска, представлены подходы к лечению и ведению пациентов детского возраста с первичной цилиарной дискинезией. Материал основан на клинических рекомендациях, ранее разработанных и утвержденных профессиональной ассоциацией «Союз педиатров России», актуализированных и обновленных в 2018 году

On the Problem of Naming Monastic Churches in Vyatka Province at the End of the 16–17th Centuries

In this article, on the basis of both published and archival sources of the State Archive of Ancient Acts and the State Archive of the Kirov region for the first time addresses the formation of the religious landscape Vyatka monasteries. The author focuses on — poorly studied in the national historiography on the national level, the issue of naming the monastic churches at the end of 16–17 centuries. The study identified and analyzed the names of all the temples Vyatka monasteries that existed at the time, which made it possible to create a complete picture. In particular, identify the factors and reasons for initiation of individual church altars, and the formation of these specifi c ideological lines. The author concludes that the churches received the name, depending on local conditions for the establishment of the monastery, the time of bookmarks or consecration, the presence of churches at this point in previous time. Great was the role in the naming of church altars monks builders or ktitors. Consecration of the first church was often due to the peculiarities of the appearance of the monastery, in particular, its relationship with the revered icons (the Saviour, the Archangel Michael), the royal family of Romanov (temples in honor of Michael Malein, Alexis Man of God) and so forth. In exceptional cases, the naming of individual temples and altars were built in the whole ideological lines, creating a unique «spatial icons» that can be seen, in particular, the example Khlynovsky Uspensky Trifonov monastery, which was created as a «House of the Blessed Virgin Mary.