Автоматизированное определение активов и оценка их критичности для анализа защищенности информационных систем

Цель исследования заключается в разработке методики автоматизированного выделения активов информационной системы и сравнительной оценки уровня их критичности для последующей оценки защищенности анализируемой целевой инфраструктуры. Под активами в данном случае понимаются все информационно-технологические объекты целевой инфраструктуры. Размеры, разнородность, сложность взаимосвязей, распределенность и динамичность современных информационных систем затрудняют определение целевой инфраструктуры и критичности информационно-технологических активов для ее корректного функционирования. Автоматизированное и адаптивное определение состава информационно-технологических активов и связей между ними на основе выделения статичных и динамичных объектов изначально неопределенной инфраструктуры является достаточно сложной задачей. Ее предлагается решить за счет построения актуальной динамической модели отношений объектов целевой инфраструктуры с использованием разработанной методики, которая реализует подход на основе корреляции событий, происходящих в системе. Разработанная методика основана на статистическом анализе эмпирических данных о событиях в системе. Методика позволяет выделить основные типы объектов инфраструктуры, их характеристики и иерархию, основанную на частоте использования объектов, и, как следствие, отражающую их относительную критичность для функционирования системы. Для этого в работе вводятся показатели, характеризующие принадлежность свойств одному типу, совместное использование свойств, а также показатели динамичности, характеризующие вариативность свойств относительно друг друга. Результирующая модель используется для сравнительной оценки уровня критичности типов объектов системы. В работе описываются используемые входные данные и модели, а также методика определения типов и сравнения критичности активов системы. Приведены эксперименты, показывающие работоспособность методики на примере анализа журналов безопасности операционной системы Windows

Evaluation of cupcakes bioavailability and nutritional value

Numerous studies aimed at expanding the production of domestic healthy food products meet the objectives of national programs and projects implemented at the state level. Flour confectionery products are known to be an integral part of the food basket of our country's inhabitants. Therefore, the use of non-traditional vegetable raw materials with a high content of fiber, vitamins, and minerals in their manufacture is an important research field. In addition, these technologies are resource-saving and allow expanding the range of products for specialized and therapeutic purposes, including those for people with gluten intolerance. However, it should be mentioned that the introduction of additional raw materials is an interference with the traditional cooking technology and may affect the finished product quality, which requires additional research. Therefore, the effect of biologically active components on the bioavailability and nutritional value of a cupcake enriched with non-traditional types of raw materials was studied in the work. The ciliates P. caudatum were used as a test object for assessing the studied samples bioavailability. In addition, indicators of nutritional and energy value were determined in finished products. The studies carried out proved that the use of whole wheat flour, grape seed flour, sesame oil and sesame seeds in the production of cupcakes helps to increase its biotic potential, biological and nutritional value

Magnetic behaviour of perovskite compositions derived from BiFeO3

The phase content and sequence, the crystal structure, and the magnetic properties of perovskite solid solutions of the (1−y)BiFeO3–yBiZn0.5Ti0.5O3 series (0.05 ≤ y ≤ 0.90) synthesized under high pressure have been studied. Two perovskite phases, namely the rhombohedral R3c and the tetragonal P4mm, which correspond to the structural types of the end members, BiFeO3 and BiZn0.5Ti0.5O3, respectively, were revealed in the as-synthesized samples. The rhombohedral and the tetragonal phases were found to coexist in the compositional range of 0.30 ≤ y ≤ 0.90. Magnetic properties of the BiFe1−y [Zn0.5Ti0.5]yO3 ceramics with y < 0.30 were measured as a function of temperature. The obtained compositional variations of the normalized unit-cell volume and the Néel temperature of the BiFe1−y [Zn0.5Ti0.5]yO3 perovskites in the range of their rhombohedral phase were compared with the respective dependences for the BiFe1−yB 3+yO3 perovskites (where B 3+ = Ga, Co, Mn, Cr, and Sc). The role of the high-pressure synthesis in the formation of the antiferromagnetic states different from the modulated cycloidal one characteristic of the parent BiFeO3 is discussed.publishe

Antisymmetric exchange in La-substituted BiFe0.5Sc0.5O3 system: symmetry adapted distortion modes approach

Neutron powder diffraction measurements on the 35 % La-substituted Bi1-xLaxFe0.5Sc0.5O3-composition revealed that the samples obtained under high-pressure (6 GPa) and high-temperature (1500 K) conditions crystalize into a distorted perovskite structure with the orthorhombic Pnma symmetry and the unit cell para-meters: a(0) = 5.6745(2) angstrom, b(0) = 7.9834(3) angstrom and c(0) = 5.6310(2) angstrom. A long-range magnetic ordering takes place below 220 K and implies a G-type magnetic structure with the moments 4.10(4)mu(B) per Fe aligned predominately along the orthorhombic c-axis. The space group representation theory using the orthorhombic symmetry yields four bi-linear coupling schemes for the magnetic order parameters imposed by antisymmetric exchange interactions. The couplings are analysed based on symmetry adapted distortion modes defined in respect of the undistorted cubic perovskite structure. The approach allows a quantitative estimation of the coupling strength. It is shown that the experimentally found spin configuration combines the magnetic order parameters coupled by the atomic displacement modes with the largest amplitudes. The results indicate that the antisymmetric exchange is the dominant anisotropic term which fully controls the direction of the Fe3+ spins in the distorted perovskite lattice

Magnetic phenomena in co-containing layered double hydroxides

Magnetic behavior of CoII(n)AlIII layered double hydroxides (LDHs) (n=Co/Al=2 and 3) intercalated with nitrate was studied as a function of temperature. Both LDH compounds are paramagnetic above about 8K. A rapid increase of their magnetic moments occurs below this temperature until the moments reach the maximum values at Tmax of 4.0K and 3.2K for Co(2)Al-NO3 and Co(3)Al-NO3, respectively. Below Tmax, the zero-field-cooled and the field-cooled static magnetization curves are strongly different. Along with this low-temperature phenomena, Co(2)Al-NO3 and Co(3)Al-NO3 demonstrate anomalous behavior of their temperature dependence magnetic susceptibility in a highertemperature range: between 75 and 175K, both the paramagnetic Curie temperature and the effective magnetic moment change in a non-monotonous way. Possible structural reasons of the observed magnetic behavior of the CoII(n)AlIII LDHs are discussed.publishe

High-power ultrasonic synthesis and magnetic-field-assisted arrangement of nanosized crystallites of cobalt-containing layered double hydroxideu

High-quality stoichiometric Co2Al–NO3 and Co2Al–CO3 layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have been obtained by precipitation followed by anion exchange, both high-power sonication assisted. Application of high-power ultrasound has been demonstrated to result in a considerable acceleration of the crystallization process and the anion-exchange reaction. Two independent approaches were used to form bulk and 2-D samples of Co2Al–NO3 with the oriented crystallites, namely uniaxial pressing of deposits from sonicated LDH slurries and magnetic field assisted arrangement of LDH crystallites precipitating on glass substrates. A convenient way of preparation of semi-transparent compacts with relatively big blocks of oriented crystallites have been demonstrated. Thin dense transparent films of highly-ordered crystallites of Co2Al–NO3 LDH have been produced and characterized.publishe

The population history of northeastern Siberia since the Pleistocene.

Northeastern Siberia has been inhabited by humans for more than 40,000 years but its deep population history remains poorly understood. Here we investigate the late Pleistocene population history of northeastern Siberia through analyses of 34 newly recovered ancient genomes that date to between 31,000 and 600 years ago. We document complex population dynamics during this period, including at least three major migration events: an initial peopling by a previously unknown Palaeolithic population of 'Ancient North Siberians' who are distantly related to early West Eurasian hunter-gatherers; the arrival of East Asian-related peoples, which gave rise to 'Ancient Palaeo-Siberians' who are closely related to contemporary communities from far-northeastern Siberia (such as the Koryaks), as well as Native Americans; and a Holocene migration of other East Asian-related peoples, who we name 'Neo-Siberians', and from whom many contemporary Siberians are descended. Each of these population expansions largely replaced the earlier inhabitants, and ultimately generated the mosaic genetic make-up of contemporary peoples who inhabit a vast area across northern Eurasia and the Americas

An Analytical Review of the Source Code Models for Exploit Analysis

Currently, enhancing the efficiency of vulnerability detection and assessment remains relevant. We investigate a new approach for the detection of vulnerabilities that can be used in cyber attacks and assess their severity for further effective responses based on an analysis of exploit source codes and real-time detection of features of their implementation. The key element of this approach is an exploit source code model. In this paper, to specify the model, we systematically analyze existing source code models, approaches to source code analysis in general, and exploits in particular in order to examine their advantages, applications, and challenges. Finally, we provide an initial specification of the proposed source code model

The testbed for definition of the exploit’s execution features to detect and score cyber attacks

The paper considers the deployment of the testbed for definition of the exploit’s execution features to detect and score cyber-attacks. The paper describes the place of the proposed testbed in the approach to the cyber-attack detection and scoring. It defines the requirements to the testbed considering the introduced approach. The testbed infrastructure is defined and deployed considering the specified requirements. The introduced testbed infrastructure is justified. Finally, the technique of the testbed implementation for the feature extraction is introduced. The proposed testbed and technique allow combining advantages of the static and dynamic approaches to the exploits analysis and detecting and scoring known and previously unseen cyber-attacks

Determination of System Weaknesses Based on the Analysis of Vulnerability Indexes and the Source Code of Exploits

Currently the problem of monitoring the security of information systems is highly relevant. One of the important security monitoring tasks is to automate the process of determination of the system weaknesses for their further elimination. The paper considers the techniques for analysis of vulnerability indexes and exploit source code, as well as their subsequent classification. The suggested approach uses open security sources and incorporates two techniques, depending on the available security data. The first technique is based on the analysis of publicly available vulnerability indexes of the Common Vulnerability Scoring System for vulnerability classification by weaknesses. The second one complements the first one in case if there are exploits but there are no associated vulnerabilities and therefore the indexes for classification are absent. It is based on the analysis of the exploit source code for the features, i.e. indexes, using graph models. The extracted indexes are further used for weakness determination using the first technique. The paper provides the experiments demonstrating an effectiveness and potential of the developed techniques. The obtained results and the methods for their enhancement are discussed