Automated Detection of Dental Caries from Oral Images using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

The urgent demand for accurate and efficient diagnostic methods to combat oral diseases, particularly dental caries, has led to the exploration of advanced techniques. Dental caries, caused by bacterial activities that weaken tooth enamel, can result in severe cavities and infections if not promptly treated. Despite existing imaging techniques, consistent and early diagnoses remain challenging. Traditional approaches, such as visual and tactile examinations, are prone to variations in expertise, necessitating more objective diagnostic tools. This study leverages deep learning to propose an explainable methodology for automated dental caries detection in images. Utilizing pre-trained convolutional neural networks (CNNs) including VGG-16, VGG-19, DenseNet-121, and Inception V3, we investigate different models and preprocessing techniques, such as histogram equalization and Sobel edge detection, to enhance the detection process. Our comprehensive experiments on a dataset of 884 oral images demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach in achieving accurate caries detection. Notably, the VGG-16 model achieves the best accuracy of 98.3% using the stochastic gradient descent (SGD) optimizer with Nesterov’s momentum. This research contributes to the field by introducing an interpretable deep learning-based solution for automated dental caries detection, enhancing diagnostic accuracy, and offering potential insights for dental health assessment

Self-Attention-Based Bi-LSTM Model for Sentiment Analysis on Tweets about Distance Learning in Higher Education

For limiting the COVID-19 spread, countries around the world have implemented prevention measures such as lockdowns, social distancing, and the closers of educational institutions. Therefore, most academic activities are shifted to distance learning. This study proposes a deep learning approach for analyzing people’s sentiments (positive, negative, and neutral) from Twitter regarding distance learning in higher education. We collected and pre-processed 24642 English tweets about distance learning posted between July 20, 2022, and November 06, 2022. Then, a self-attention-based Bi-LSTM model with GloVe word embedding was used for sentiment classification. The proposed model performance was compared to LSTM (Long Short Term Memory), Bi-LSTM (Bidirectional-LSTM), and CNN-Bi-LSTM (Convolutional Neural Network-Bi-LSTM). Our proposed model obtains the best test accuracy of 95% on a stratified 90:10 split ratio. The results reveal generally neutral sentiments about distance learning for higher education, followed by positive sentiments, particularly in psychology and computer science, and negative sentiments in biology and chemistry. According to the obtained results, the proposed approach outperformed the state-of-art methods

Cloud-based sentiment analysis for measuring customer satisfaction in the Moroccan banking sector using Naïve Bayes and Stanford NLP

In a world where every day we produce 2.5 quintillion bytes of data, sentiment analysis has been a key for making sense of that data. However, to process huge text data in real-time requires building a data processing pipeline in order to minimize the latency to process data streams. In this paper, we explain and evaluate our proposed real-time customer’ sentiment analysis pipeline on the Moroccan banking sector through data from the web and social network using open-source big data tools such as data ingestion using Apache Kafka, In-memory data processing using Apache Spark, Apache HBase for storing tweets and the satisfaction indicator, and ElasticSearch and Kibana for visualization then NodeJS for building a web application. The performance evaluation of Naïve Bayesian model show that for French Tweets the accuracy has reached 76.19% while for English Tweets the result was unsatisfactory and the resulting accuracy is 56%. To remedy this problem, we used the Stanford core NLP which, for English Tweets, reaches a precision of 80.7%

Real-time Twitter Sentiment Analysis for Moroccan Universities using Machine Learning and Big Data Technologies

In recent years, sentiment analysis (SA) has raised the interest of researchers in several domains, including higher education. It can be applied to measure the quality of the services supplied by the higher education institution and construct a university ranking mechanism from social media like Twitter. Hence, this study presents a novel system for Twitter sentiment prediction on Moroccan public universities in real-time. It consists of two phases: offline sentiment analysis phase and real-time prediction phase. In the offline phase, the collected French tweets about twelve Moroccan universities were classified according to their sentiment into ‘positive’, ‘negative’, or ‘neutral’ using six machine learning algorithms (random forest, multinomial Naive Bayes classifier, logistic regression, decision tree, linear support vector classifier, and extreme gradient boosting) with the term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) and count vectorizer feature extraction techniques. The results reveal that random forest classifier coupled with TF-IDF has obtained the best test accuracy of 90%. This model was then applied on real-time tweets. The real-time prediction pipeline comprises Twitter streaming API for data collection, Apache Kafka for data ingestion, Apache Spark for real-time sentiment analysis, Elasticsearch for real-time data exploration, and Kibana for data visualization. The obtained results can be used by the Ministry of higher education, scientific research and innovation of Morocco for decision-making process