A Fast Distributed Mining of Association Rules In Horizontally Distributed Database

Abstract: Data mining can extract important knowledge from large data collections, but sometimes these collections are split among various parties. This paper addresses a fast distributed mining of association rules over horizontally distributed data. While preparing a data set for analysis is generally the most time consuming task in a data mining,requiring numerous complex SQL queries, joining tables and aggregating columns. Existing SQL aggregations have limitations to prepare data sets because they return one column per aggregated group. In general, a significant manual effort is required to build data sets, where a horizontal layout is required. The proposed is simple, yet powerful, methods to generate SQL code to return aggregated columns in a horizontal tabular layout, returning a set of numbers instead of one number per row. This new class of functions is called horizontal aggregations. Horizontal aggregations build data sets with a horizontal de normalized layout (e.g. point-dimension, observation-variable, instance-feature), which is the standard layout required by most data mining algorithms. The proposed method used three categories to evaluate horizontal aggregations: CASE: Exploiting the programming CASE construct; SPJ: Based on standard relational algebra operators (SPJ queries); PIVOT: Using the PIVOT operator, which is offered by some DBMSs. Experiments with large tables compare the proposed query evaluation methods. A CASE method has similar speed to the PIVOT operator and it is much faster than the SPJ method. In general, the CASE and PIVOT methods exhibit linear scalability, whereas the SPJ method does not

Radiation dose management in fluoroscopy procedures: less is more?

The aims of this study are (1) to determine the scattered radiation dose levels in routine fluoroscopy procedures and (2) to compare them with the equivalent chest x-rays and also (3) to monitor common techniques and radiation safety measures taken by the medical officers. The study covered a sample of 105 fluoroscopic procedures performed by 18 medical officers. Each officer wore a personal pocket dosimeter inside the lead gown during each procedure. A digital dosimeter was placed near the detector of the fluoroscopy unit while a survey meter was positioned at the control panel area to record the dose levels. There were 14 types of examination included in this study. The total number of images captured was found to be the highest in barium swallow examination with 115 images, almost five times higher compared to the common practices. The longest screening time was observed in barium enema examination which is 9.15 seconds. The median of the scattered dose level was the highest in barium meal examination (165.50 μSv) which is equivalent to 8.28 times of average dose impart by chest x-ray examinations. The number of images and the length of screening time depend on the competency levels of the medical officers. They capture as many images as possible to avoid missing any abnormalities, therefore it will always be better if the fluoroscopist is consulted during each case. They should also consistently practice essential protection by minimizing exposure time, maximizing distance from the source tube and utilizing the radiation shielding

Multiple-spin coherence transfer in linear Ising spin chains and beyond: numerically-optimized pulses and experiments

We study multiple-spin coherence transfers in linear Ising spin chains with nearest neighbor couplings. These constitute a model for efficient information transfers in future quantum computing devices and for many multi-dimensional experiments for the assignment of complex spectra in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We complement prior analytic techniques for multiple-spin coherence transfers with a systematic numerical study where we obtain strong evidence that a certain analytically-motivated family of restricted controls is sufficient for time-optimality. In the case of a linear three-spin system, additional evidence suggests that prior analytic pulse sequences using this family of restricted controls are time-optimal even for arbitrary local controls. In addition, we compare the pulse sequences for linear Ising spin chains to pulse sequences for more realistic spin systems with additional long-range couplings between non-adjacent spins. We experimentally implement the derived pulse sequences in three and four spin systems and demonstrate that they are applicable in realistic settings under relaxation and experimental imperfections-in particular-by deriving broadband pulse sequences which are robust with respect to frequency offsets.Comment: 11 page

Antidiabetic Activity of Drug Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticle

Chitosan (CS) is a natural nontoxic biopolymer derived by the removal of an acetyl group (deacetylation) from chitin taken from the prawn shell. Chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) are used as a drug carrier. It improves drug solubility, stability, enhances efficacy and reduces toxicity by releasing drug slowly. The present study was carried out to synthesis CS from prawn shell and preparing drug-loaded CNPs using polyherbal formulation (Andrographis paniculata, Andrographis alata, Adhatoda zeylanica, Gymnema sylvestre, Syzygium cumini, and Justicia glabra) and evaluated its antidiabetic efficiency. CNPs were synthesized by ionic gelation method. CS and drug-loaded CNPs were characterized by XRD pattern, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, and SEM studies. Prepared CNPs showed spherical in shape, nano range particle size. The size of drug-loaded CNPs ranged from 37.6 nm to 39.5 nm. Nanoparticles (NPs) were found to be crystalline in nature confirmed by x-ray diffraction (XRD). The prepared drug-loaded CNPs exhibited 85% drug encapsulation efficiency. The present results suggested that drug-loaded CNPs could be used as an ideal carrier to deliver the antidiabetic drug to the specific target

Isolation, Identification, and Molecular Docking of Antidiabetic Compounds of Cyathea nilgiriensis (Holttum)

In the present study, phytochemical, and bioactive compounds were identified in the ethylacetate extract of Cyathea nilgiriensis pith powder. Phyto-chemical studies showed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, carbohydrate, phenols, and steroids. Totally four bioactive compounds were identified by GC-MS analysis. Among the 4 compounds, 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, butyl 2-ethylhexyl ester was selected as ligand. Molecular docking of ligand with diabetic target (protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 beta) was performed by autodock ver. 4.2.1. The ligand, 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid butyl 2-ethyl hexyl ester was strongly bound with target protein tyro-sine phosphatase 1 beta. From the result, it is concluded that the bioactive compound 1,2-benzene dicarboxylic 2 ethyl hexyl ester may be used as the drug candidate for the treatment of diabetes mellitus after clinical validation

Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidemic Activities of Cyathea nilgiriensis (Holttum) on STZ Induced Diabetic Rats

Herbal remedies are considered convenient for the management of diabetes due to their traditional acceptability, availability, and less side effects than oral hypoglycaemic agents. Tree fern, Cyathea nilgiriensis (CYATHEACEAE) is popular among the traditional healers of Kolli hill, Namakkal because of its medicinal value. The present research attempts to assess the antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects of ethanolic extract of Cyathea nilgiriensis pith powder on STZ induced diabetic model. STZ induced albino rats were treated with (200 mg/kg of b.wt. dose) ethanol extract of C. nilgiriensis pith powder for 48 days. The treatment restored the elevated levels of body weight, blood glucose, and HbA1C. Further, it significantly increased serum insulin level of STZ induced diabetic rats. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) were elevated and high density lipoproteins (HDL) level was decreased in diabetic rats. The elevation was markedly controlled near to normal level in extracts treated diabetic rats. Decreased HDL level was significantly increased by treatment with ethanol extract of C. nilgiriensis. From the above experimental responses, it is concluded that 234the C. nilgiriensis proved that it is one of the best promising and emerging drug against diabetes mellitus and its complications