Effectiveness of incentivised adherence and abstinence monitoring in buprenorphine maintenance : a pragmatic, randomised controlled trial

Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank the patients and staff at the National Rehabilitation Centre for their participation and to the NRC director general, Dr. Hamad Al Ghaferi, for his advice and support. Work on this study was included as part of H.E.'s doctoral studies and supervisor J.M. kindly acknowledge support from the Scholarship Office at the Ministry of Presidential Affairs, United Arab Emirates.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Lower buprenorphine elimination rate constant is associated with lower opioid use

Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the Scholarship Office (SCO) at the Ministry of Presidential Affairs in the UAE for the educational support provided to complete this work. The authors would like to acknowledge the support provided by the National Rehabilitation Center and efforts of the investigators participating in the parent clinical trial.Peer reviewe

Lower buprenorphine elimination rate constant is associated with lower opioid use

BACKGROUND: Opioid craving is suggested to correlate with the rate of reduction in buprenorphine (BUP) plasma levels. No studies explored Buprenorphine elimination rate constant (BUP EL.R) as a predictor of opioid use or retention in BUP treatment. METHODS: Analysis was performed using data from a randomized controlled trial of 141 adults with opioid use disorder (OUD) randomized to Incentivized Adherence and Abstinence monitoring (I-AAM; experimental (n = 70) and treatment-as-usual; control (n = 71). In the I-AAM, structured access to unsupervised BUP doses was provided up to 28 days contingent of adherence measured by Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and abstinence by Urinary Drug Screens (UDS). In contrast, the treatment-as-usual (control) provided unstructured access to unsupervised doses was provided for up to 14 days considering UDS results. The primary outcome was percentage negative UDS. The secondary outcome, retention in treatment, was continuous enrollment in the study and analysis was via intention-to-treat. Significant bivariate correlations with the outcomes were adjusted for group allocation. RESULTS: A significant negative correlation between BUP EL.R and percentage negative opioid screens (Pearson correlation coefficient − 0.57, p < 0.01) was found. After adjusting for trial group, BUP EL.R was shown to be an independent predictor of percentage negative opioid screens (Standardized Beta Coefficient − 0.57, 95% CI − 221.57 to − 97.44, R(2) 0.322). CONCLUSION: BUP EL.R predicted 32.2% of the variation in percentage negative opioid UDS and may serve as a potential promising tool in precision medicine of BUP treatment. Higher buprenorphine elimination is associated with higher positive opioid urine screens during treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN41645723 retrospectively registered on 15/11/2015