Institutional Logics: Gender and Business Creation Across GEM Countries

Building on theories of practice, cultural difference and institutional welfare regimes, we explore how gendered entrepreneurship rates are affected by both soft (values, beliefs, and expectations) and hard (institutionalized norms and practices) measures of culture. Using 2001 GEM data, we examine how institutional arrangements related to women’s employment (role of occupational segregation, gender wage inequality, female business leadership and public childcare support) interact with individual-level perceptions in ways that increase women's start-up across thirteen countries. Results suggest that gender wage inequality has a direct effect on the decision to start a business, while industry structure and the presence of childcare may influence the decision to start a business indirectly through perceptions and gender

Gender and entrepreneurship across 28 countries: a multilevel analysis using gem data

Explanations for the extensive variation in rates of entrepreneurship across countries and gender have been biased by the dominant paradigms of the field, the limits of the resulting research designs, and ultimately by the lack of a comprehensive multilevel theoretical framework for predicting and understanding the decision to start a business. I propose an alternative view of entrepreneurship based on contemporary social theory; in particular on Bourdieu's theory of practice. The resulting practice theory model provides a set of theoretical propositions and hypotheses that fit well with existing evidence from the field of entrepreneurship and from other studies of gender and work. Results from a series of 2-level random coefficient models investigating the relative impacts of micro- and macro-level correlates of nascent entrepreneurship strongly support a practice theory view of entrepreneurship. The capital structures -- economic, cultural, social and symbolic -- that define social positions explain most of the gender variation and a large extent of the variation across countries. Country characteristics also explain a good portion of the country variation. Perceptions, social ties, and national gender culture are significant correlates of nascent entrepreneurship, net of all other micro- and macro-level factors. The variation in rates of nascent entrepreneurship is more extensive across countries than across gender. Micro-macro interactions are also explored

PROGRAM & PROCEEDINGS of the 2022 COLLOQUIUM OF THE STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY PARTNERS Female Perspectives on Entrepreneurship and Research How diverse perspectives inspire creativity, drive innovation, and encourage inclusive economic growth

Diverse and varied perspectives are not only central to our institutional mission, but are essential to our society, as we hope to create a more inclusive, more sustainable and ultimately brighter world. Diverse perspectives and collaboration between different institutions, fields and industries must become the norm. This is the program and proceeding of Stony Brook University\u27s colloquium on female perspectives on entrepreneurship and research and how diverse perspectives inspire creativity, drive innovation, and encourage inclusive economic growth. This was a much-needed discussion in January 2022 that\u27s important for the development of entrepreneurship and research worldwide. At Stony Brook University, the entire research community believes that creating an equitable and integrated work environment is an essential part of the success of its innovation and culture. So, this proceeding provides a transcript of the meaningful moderated discussion between 6 expert panelists about female entrepreneurship and research

Female Perspectives on Entrepreneurship and Research How diverse perspectives inspire creativity, drive innovation, and encourage inclusive economic growth

Diverse and varied perspectives are not only central to our institutional mission, but are essential to our society, as we hope to create a more inclusive, more sustainable and ultimately brighter world. Diverse perspectives and collaboration between different institutions, fields and industries must become the norm. This is the program and proceeding of Stony Brook University\u27s colloquium on female perspectives on entrepreneurship and research and how diverse perspectives inspire creativity, drive innovation, and encourage inclusive economic growth. This was a much-needed discussion in January 2022 that\u27s important for the development of entrepreneurship and research worldwide. At Stony Brook University, the entire research community believes that creating an equitable and integrated work environment is an essential part of the success of its innovation and culture. So, this proceeding provides a transcript of the meaningful moderated discussion between 6 expert panelists about female entrepreneurship and research

Female Perspectives on Entrepreneurship and Research How diverse perspectives inspire creativity, drive innovation, and encourage inclusive economic growth

Diverse and varied perspectives are not only central to our institutional mission, but are essential to our society, as we hope to create a more inclusive, more sustainable and ultimately brighter world. Diverse perspectives and collaboration between different institutions, fields and industries must become the norm. This is the program and proceeding of Stony Brook University\u27s colloquium on female perspectives on entrepreneurship and research and how diverse perspectives inspire creativity, drive innovation, and encourage inclusive economic growth. This was a much-needed discussion in January 2022 that\u27s important for the development of entrepreneurship and research worldwide. At Stony Brook University, the entire research community believes that creating an equitable and integrated work environment is an essential part of the success of its innovation and culture. So, this proceeding provides a transcript of the meaningful moderated discussion between 6 expert panelists about female entrepreneurship and research

Women\u27s Entrepreneurship Report 2018/2019

This year marks the 20th anniversary of Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) conducting entrepreneurship research in economies around the world through a system of rigorous data collection, extensive analysis, and widespread dissemination of results. Studies on women’s participation in entrepreneurial behaviors have long been a part of this project, with reports developed approximately every two years. The 2018/2019 report provides analysis from 59 economies, aggregating data from two GEM data collection cycles: 10 economies reporting in 2017 and 49 reporting in 2018. For the purpose of analysis and to allow for comparisons, these countries are grouped into three levels of national income (adapted from the World Bank classification by GNI per capita)1 and six geographic regions: East and South Asia and Pacific, Europe and Central Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, Middle East and North Africa, North America, and sub-Saharan Africa. A total of 54 economies were surveyed in the GEM Women’s Entrepreneurship 2016/2017 Report and in this report, providing the basis for calculation of rate changes between the two reports

Gendered Institutions and Cross-National Patterns of Business Creation for Men and Women

In this article, we explore how gendered entrepreneurship rates are affected by both soft (values, beliefs and expectations) and hard (institutionalized norms and practices) measures of cultural institutions. We use data from the 2001 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor for 25 265 individuals in 11 countries to examine how institutional arrangements related to women's employment (role of occupational segregation, gender wage inequality, female business leadership and public childcare support) interact with individual-level perceptions in ways that increase women's start-up. Controlling for national variations in opportunity structure, our results show that gendered institutions (female business leadership, gender wage inequality and public expenditures on childcare) influence the decision to start a business indirectly through perceptions and gender.Dans cet article, nous examinons comment les taux d’entreprenariat féminin sont influencés par les institutions culturelles tant ‘douces’ (valeurs, croyances, attentes) que ‘dures’ (normes et pratiques institutionnalisées). Nous utilisons des données tirées de l’enquête Global Entrepreneurship Monitor de 2001 conduite sur 25 265 individus dans 11 pays différents afin de déterminer comment les arrangements institutionnels concernant le travail des femmes (rôle de la ségrégation professionnelle des femmes, les inégalités de salaires entre hommes et femmes, le leadership féminin en entreprise, les programmes publics d’accueil des enfants) influencent les perceptions individuelles de telles façons qu’elles augmentent le nombre de startups de femmes. En contrôlant les variations de structure d’opportunités qui existent entre les différents pays, nous montrons que les institutions (le leadership féminin en entreprise, les inégalités de salaires entre hommes et femmes, et les dépenses publiques consacrées à l’accueil des enfants ) influencent indirectement – à travers des perceptions concernant les sexes – la décision de créer une entreprise.