Curriculum innovations through advancement of MEMS/NEMS and wearable devices technologies

State of the art technologies using both micro- and nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS and NEMS) and wearable and Internet of Things (IoT) devices have impacted our daily lives in applications including wearable devices and sensor technology as applied to renewable energies and health sciences, among others. Several examples are device implants, optical devices, micro and nanomachining, embedded systems and integrated nano sensor systems. The recent Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) and Mechanical Engineering (ME) curricula lacked inclusion of these elements within their programs. Close scrutiny to the need of local industry from engineering graduates has emphasized the motivation to develop these materials into the engineering curricula. Within the ECE curriculum, a new senior course was developed to cover MEMS/NEMS devices as well as wearable and IoT devices with Bluetooth and wireless features. The MEMS/NEMS module of the new course integrates software CAD tools and hardware implementations. It is a project-based course where students learn software for the device process, then fabricate the device in the school laboratories. The wearable and IoT devices module introduces the students to Wearable and Internet of Things systems. It covers sensors and sensor fusion, embedded processors, tools for wearable and IoT applications, and design using Bluetooth and wireless IoT systems. The new course development objectives are hands-on practice, and preparation of senior students for industrial and research careers. In addition, an introductory MEMS topic section is added in the sophomore level electrical engineering course offered to mechanical engineering students. It introduces MEMS devices employed as energy conversion devices. Based on our recent feedback, the students have favorably accepted this MEMS addition to the course. This paper details the software and hardware development elements of the new course. It also presents the assessment data for students' satisfaction for both the electrical and computer engineering (ECE), and mechanical engineering (ME) students. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2017

Managing New Groundwater Irrigated Lands in Egypt Using GIS

Geographic information technology is very important in the worldwide organizations due to its efficiency. Developments in different information systems and computer especially water resources data management systems, directly affect GIS. This technology can be used in Egypt which is an arid country to manage the water resources especially groundwater from both renewable and nonrenewable aquifers. The sustainable water management is one of the most important issues Egypt faces in reclamation lands, Water savings in agriculture in these new lands are an important objective of Egypt’s water strategy. Based on that the magnitude of potential water savings in agriculture and best achieve such savings and management is very important issue. In this study, the scope of the problem is how to manage the available groundwater resources in reclamation lands especially the most of reclamation land is far from the center of decision makers so there is a need to a remote management system. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an appropriate Spatial Decision Support System which quickly enables the decision makers to decide upon different planning and management issues and determine the optimal use of these resources without depletion. This research aims at building new water resources management tool to manage and control the groundwater resources by using a Web GIS in order to explore means of increasing water resources using efficiency in reclamation lands management based on dynamic maps and current data

Hydration, kidney injury and clinical outcome

Studies in health care professional (HCPs) have demonstrated a high prevalence of dehydration, which has been linked with morphological brain changes as well as cognitive impairment in other groups. Moreover, many age-related pathophysiological changes result in increased susceptibility to fluid and electrolyte imbalance, rendering older adults vulnerable to dehydration which may be associated with poor outcome. This thesis investigates the prevalence of dehydration and impact on cognitive function amongst HCPs. It also investigates the prevalence of dehydration in hospitalised older adults and the association between dehydration, acute kidney injury (AKI) and clinical outcome. Hydration status and cognition were objectively assessed in nurses and doctors working on emergency medical and surgical wards. This study demonstrated that a significant proportion of HCPs were dehydrated at the start and end of their shifts and many were oliguric. The prevalence of dehydration varied with level of experience and speciality and was associated with short-term memory impairment. Using serum osmolality, the key regulated variable in fluid homeostasis as a measure of hydration status in hospitalised older adults, prospective assessment of 200 patients demonstrated that over a third had hyperosmolar dehydration (HD) at admission, two-thirds of which were dehydrated 48 hours later. Dehydration at admission was independently associated with a six-fold increase in 30-day mortality. Subsequent retrospective assessment of 32,980 hospitalised older adults demonstrated that dehydration was diagnosed clinically in 8.9% of patients and was independently associated with a two fold increase in mortality. Nearly half of those dehydrated had a concomitant diagnosis of AKI and the median length of hospital stay (LOS) was nearly three times greater than those without the condition. Despite the widespread use of serum osmolality in human physiology studies, it is rarely used clinically to assess hydration. Analysis of published equations estimating osmolality, demonstrated that an equation by Khajuria and Krahn was 90% sensitivity and 97% specificity at diagnosing hyperosmolar dehydration. Using this equation, we demonstrated that 27.2% of 6632 older adults had HD at admission to hospital and the risk of developing AKI 12-24 hours after admission in these patients was five times those euhydrated at admission. Moreover, the 30-day mortality was nearly twice that of euhydrated patients, independent of key confounders. The median LOS in dehydrated patients was almost double. This work has highlighted the need to educate both patients and HCPs on the importance of hydration. Further work is required to prospectively assess the use of serum osmolality as a predictor of dehydration, AKI and outcomes. Given that hydration and nutrition are the hallmarks of compassionate care, there is clear room for improvement with findings from this thesis suggesting the need for further investigation and intervention in both community and hospital settings

Nearest point problem in countably normed spaces

In a countably normed space which is a linear space equipped with a countable number of pair-wise compatible norms, we prove the existence of a common nearest point (in all norms) from a point outside a nonempty subset if this subset is compact with respect to all norms. We also prove the uniqueness of that common nearest point if the completion of the space equipped with only one of its norms is uniformly convex

Hydration, kidney injury and clinical outcome

Studies in health care professional (HCPs) have demonstrated a high prevalence of dehydration, which has been linked with morphological brain changes as well as cognitive impairment in other groups. Moreover, many age-related pathophysiological changes result in increased susceptibility to fluid and electrolyte imbalance, rendering older adults vulnerable to dehydration which may be associated with poor outcome. This thesis investigates the prevalence of dehydration and impact on cognitive function amongst HCPs. It also investigates the prevalence of dehydration in hospitalised older adults and the association between dehydration, acute kidney injury (AKI) and clinical outcome. Hydration status and cognition were objectively assessed in nurses and doctors working on emergency medical and surgical wards. This study demonstrated that a significant proportion of HCPs were dehydrated at the start and end of their shifts and many were oliguric. The prevalence of dehydration varied with level of experience and speciality and was associated with short-term memory impairment. Using serum osmolality, the key regulated variable in fluid homeostasis as a measure of hydration status in hospitalised older adults, prospective assessment of 200 patients demonstrated that over a third had hyperosmolar dehydration (HD) at admission, two-thirds of which were dehydrated 48 hours later. Dehydration at admission was independently associated with a six-fold increase in 30-day mortality. Subsequent retrospective assessment of 32,980 hospitalised older adults demonstrated that dehydration was diagnosed clinically in 8.9% of patients and was independently associated with a two fold increase in mortality. Nearly half of those dehydrated had a concomitant diagnosis of AKI and the median length of hospital stay (LOS) was nearly three times greater than those without the condition. Despite the widespread use of serum osmolality in human physiology studies, it is rarely used clinically to assess hydration. Analysis of published equations estimating osmolality, demonstrated that an equation by Khajuria and Krahn was 90% sensitivity and 97% specificity at diagnosing hyperosmolar dehydration. Using this equation, we demonstrated that 27.2% of 6632 older adults had HD at admission to hospital and the risk of developing AKI 12-24 hours after admission in these patients was five times those euhydrated at admission. Moreover, the 30-day mortality was nearly twice that of euhydrated patients, independent of key confounders. The median LOS in dehydrated patients was almost double. This work has highlighted the need to educate both patients and HCPs on the importance of hydration. Further work is required to prospectively assess the use of serum osmolality as a predictor of dehydration, AKI and outcomes. Given that hydration and nutrition are the hallmarks of compassionate care, there is clear room for improvement with findings from this thesis suggesting the need for further investigation and intervention in both community and hospital settings

A reproducible protocol for regeneration and transformation in canola (Brassica napus L.)

The objective of the present study is to develop an efficient protocol for shoot and plant regeneration using five commercial canola cultivars grown under the Egyptian agricultural conditions. The regeneration efficiency from hypocotyl explants was examined. The data indicated that embryonic calli were formed within two weeks in the presence of 1 mgl-1 2,4-D. Adventitious shoots emerged from the embryonic callus in the presence of 4.5 mgl-1 BA. The cultivars showed a varied response to shoot regeneration. Regeneration frequency was high in the cultivar Sarow-4 (68%) followed by Masrri L-16 (64%) compared with the other cultivars tested. Hypocotyl explants from the cultivars Sarow-4 and Semu-249 were inoculated and co-cultivated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 harboring a binary vector pBI-121 containing the neomycin phosphotransferase-II gene (NPT-II). The resulted putative transgenic plantlets were able to grow under knanamycin containing medium. The stable integration of the NPT-II gene into the plant genomes was tested by PCR using NPT-II -specific primers. The GUS gene expression can be detected only in the transgenic plants. The reported protocol in the present study is repeatable and can be used to regenerate transgenic canola plants expressing the genes present in A. tumifaciens binary vectors.Keywords: Agrobacterium, canola, GUS assay, regeneration, fransformation, NPT II gen

Parathormone (PTH) is strongly related to left ventricular mass index (LVMI) in hypertensives, obese, and normal control

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