Flexural strengthening of RC continuous slab strips using NSM CFRP laminates

To assess the effectiveness of the near surface mounted (NSM) technique, in terms of load carrying and moment redistribution capacities, for the flexural strengthening of continuous reinforced concrete (RC) slabs, an experimental program was carried out. The experimental program is composed of three series of three slab strips of two equal span length, in order to verify the possibility of increasing the negative (at the intermediate support region) resisting bending moment in 25% and 50% and maintaining moment redistribution levels of 15%, 30% and 45%. Though the flexural resistance of the NSM strengthened sections has exceeded the target values, the moment redistribution was relatively low, and the increase of the load carrying capacity of the strengthened slabs did not exceed 25%. This experimental program is analyzed to highlight the possibilities of NSM technique for statically indeterminate RC slabs in terms of flexural strengthening effectiveness, moment redistribution and ductility performance. Using a FEM-based computer program, which predictive performance was appraised using the obtained experimental results, a high effective NSM flexural strengthening strategy is proposed, capable of enhancing the slab’s load carrying capacity and maintaining high levels of ductility.The study reported in this paper forms a part of the research program "CUTINEMO - Carbon fiber laminates applied according to the near surface mounted technique to increase the flexural resistance to negative moments of continuous reinforced concrete structures" supported by FCT, PTDC/ECM/73099/2006. The authors wish to acknowledge the support also provided by the S&P, Casais and Artecanter Companies. The first Author acknowledges the financial support of National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) - Brazil, Ph.D. Grant no. 200953/2007-9. The second Author wishes to acknowledge the support provided by FCT, by means of the SFRH/BSAB/818/2008 and SFRH/BSAB/913/2009 sabbatical grants

An AC hybrid current limiting and interrupting device for low voltage systems

This paper addresses the development of the hybrid fault current limiter and interrupting device (HCLID) which can be used successfully as an ultra-fast short-circuit protection means for low voltage AC or DC industrial installations. The main components of the HCLID are as follows: a solid state commutation circuit that can supply a counter current injection from a stand-by pre-charged capacitor, a saturable core reactor as limiting impedance and a fast mechanical contact switch; all are connected in parallel. Through this study, a significantly improved and simplified approach that replaces the half-controllable SCR in the commutation circuit with self-turn-off device, such as IGCT, is presented. The use of high-performance semiconductors (IGCTs) as a commutating device affords reduced recovery voltage, reduced losses, improved reliability and dynamic performance, and fast switching time (in μs). The new approach is emulated in Piecewise Linear Electrical Circuit Simulation (PLECS) and involves a fault detection using rate of current rise rather than the current magnitude and a time delay operating characteristic. The proposed control method can be simply implemented. Different fault cases have been simulated in this paper. Simulation results proved the practicability and validity of the new HCLID. Keywords: Hybrid current limiting interrupting device, Self-turnoff device, Fast mechanical contact switch, Control strategy, PLECS package applicatio

Constructing the source: Metaphor as a discourse strategy

10.1177/1461445605052191Discourse Studies73363-38