Survey and distribution of rodent inhabiting eight districts at Gharbia governorate, Egypt

Rodent individuals were noticed in buildings from eight districts viz., Samannoud, El-Mahala, Tanta, Elsanta, Zifta, Bassuon, Kotor and Kafr-El-Zayat districts during two years at Gharbia Governorate, Egypt. The residents noticed 193, 146, 112, 109, 102,  82, 77 and 34 rodent  individuals in Samannoud, El-Mahala, Tanta, Elsanta, Zifta, Bassuon, Kotor and Kafr-El-Zayat  districts respectively during from January 2014 to December 2016 at Gharbia Governorate. There was no significant difference between number of rodent during study period (years), but there was significant difference among places and months. Rodents recorded in Elsanta and Tanta distracts were Rattus rattus (Linn.), Rattus rattus frugivorous (Rafinesque) and Rattus rattus alexandrines (Geoffray) and Rattus norvegicus Berk., and Mus musculus Linn., belonging to two genera (Rattus and Mus) from family Muridae. There was no significant difference between number of rodent during (cities, years and species) but there was significant difference between number of rodent during months and locations. These results could be used in the Integrated Pest Management program to control the rodents.This work proved the presence of R. rattus (Linn.);(R.rattus frugivorous (Rafinesque) and R. rattus alexandrines (Geoffray)] followed by R. norvegicus Berk., and Mus musculus Linn., belonging to two genera (Rattus and Mus) from family Muridae, were recorded in Elsanta and Tanta distracts at Gharbia Governorate.  R. norvegicus Berk.; R. rattus frugivorous (Rafinesque) followed by. R. rattus alexandrines (Geoffray); were recorded in Elsanta and Tanta districts. The highest number of R. norvegicus Berk., were recorded 6 individuals during Summer and Winter seasons in 1st year while 8 individuals were recorded during Autumn in 2nd year from AL-Santa district. The highest number of R. norvegicus Berk., (8 individuals) were recorded during Spring season in 1st year while 5 individuals were recorded during Winter and Spring  seasons in 2nd year from Tanta distract. The highest number of R.rattus frogivorus (Rafinesque) were recorded 5 individuals during Spring season in1st year while 6 individuals were recorded during Winter season in 2nd year from Al-Santa district. The highest number of R. rattus frogivorus (Rafinesque),(4 individuals) were recorded during Summer seasonin1st year while  4 individuals were recorded during Summer, Autumm and Winter seasons in 2nd year from Tanta district.The highest numbers of R. rattus alexandrines (Geoffray) were recorded 5 individuals during Spring season in1st year while 6 individuals were recorded during Spring in 2ndyear from Al-Santa district. The highest number of R. rattus alexandrines (Geoffray).,(4 individuals) were recorded during Summer season in 1st year while 4 individuals were recorded during Summer, Autumm and Winter seasons in 2nd year from Tanta district. There were no significant difference between number of rodent during (Cities, Years and Species) but there were significant difference between number of rodent during months and locations. 

The teratogenic effects of imatinib mesylate on rat fetuses

AbstractImatinib mesylate, a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is the first line treatment against chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of imatinib mesylate on the pregnant rats and their fetuses. Pregnant rats were divided into three groups; the first group served as a control group. The second and third groups were orally administered imatinib at doses of 36mg/kg body weight or 54mg/kg b.wt. on gestation days (SDs) 6 through 13 or SDs 13 through 19, respectively. All animals were sacrificed on the 20th day of gestation. Treatment with imatinib caused a reduction of maternal body weight gain, uterine and placental weights, increased rate of abortion and fetal resorptions. High dose of imatinib caused fetal congenital deformities represented in harelip, contraction of the fore limbs, and paralysis of the hind limbs, exencephaly, encephalocoele and distended abdominal wall, besides occurrence of wavy ribs and absence of other ribs in addition to skeletal growth retardation and lack of ossification of the most skeletal elements. The present work concluded that imatinib is teratogenic when given orally to pregnant rats at 54mg/kg b.wt. and causes direct maternal or developmental toxicity

Comparative chemical and antimicrobial study of nine essential oils obtained from medicinal plants growing in Egypt

Essential oils are one of interesting natural products group that are used in different aspects of life due to their various biological activities. This study investigate the antimicrobial activities of 9 herbal essential oils on survival and growth of selected pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms. Essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation method and were analyzed using GC/MS technique. The oils were tested for their antimicrobial activity against 2 Gram +ve, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Listeria innocua (L. innocua), 2 Gram −ve, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi) as well as 2 Fungi, Aspergillus niger (A. niger) and Candida albicans (C. albicans), using agar dilution method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined. The antibiotic susceptibility test was performed against the test organisms by disc diffusion method. Results showed that Cinnamon oil was found effective against all the tested strains (MIC ≤ 1 μl/ml). Peppermint, lemon grass, caraway, anise, fennel and clove showed activity at (MIC ≤ 1 μl/ml) with all the tested organisms except for P. aeruginosa. Lavender oil exhibited antimicrobial activities against 4 strains (S. aureus, L. innocua, A. niger and C. albicans) with MIC (≤1 μl/ml) while geranium oil was inhibitory at (MIC ≤ 1 μl/ml) against S. aureus, S. Typhi, A. niger and C. albicans and with MIC ∼ 2 μl/ml against L. innocua. Although Gram −ve organisms had shown high resistance toward different essential oils, they were found to be susceptible to cinnamon oil even at lower concentration. Cinnamon oil is effective against drug resistant organisms. It can be suggested to use essential oils/constituents as potential natural preservatives and would be helpful in the treatment of various infections