Sleep and psychological factors are associated with meeting discharge criteria to return to sport following ACL reconstruction in athletes

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to determine if sleep quality and psychological factors were associated with time to meet the discharge criteria to return to sport (RTS) following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R) among athletes experiencing better quality of sleep and psychological responses returning faster to full activity. METHOD: A cohort-study design included 89 athletes following ACL-R. Each participant completed a battery of questionnaires at 6 different time points: within 3 days of injury occurrence and at post-surgery (1.5m, 3m, 4.5m, 6m and when discharge criteria were met). Assessment included sleep quality and quantity, symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, psychological readiness to RTS and fear of re-injury. The primary outcome was the time needed to meet all discharge criteria to RTS. RESULTS: Sleep parameters and psychological factors were not associated with time to meet the discharge criteria to RTS. However, athletes that had low anxiety and insomnia scores at baseline and better sleep quality at 3m, 4.5m, 6m and at discharge were more adherent to the rehabilitation program and more likely to meet the RTS discharge criteria OR 1.2 (95% CI 1.0-1.34), 1.3 (95% CI 1.1, 1.7) and 2.0 (95% CI 1.1-3.4) respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Sleep quality and psychological factors were not associated with time to meet the discharge criteria to RTS but impacted whether athletes adhered and completed their rehabilitation program or not. Monitoring sleep quality and psychological factors of athletes before and following ACL-R surgery is important to identify athletes who could have difficulties in adhering to and completing their rehabilitation program to RTS

Alterations in cognitive performance during passive hyperthermia are task dependent

The objectives of this study were to (1) assess the effect of passive heating upon attention and memory task performance, and (2) evaluate the effectiveness of the application of cold packs to the head on preserving these functions. Using a counterbalance design 16 subjects underwent three trials: a control (CON, 20°C, 40% rH), hot (HOT, 50°C, 50% rH) and hot with the head kept cool (HHC). In each condition, three attention tests and two memory tests were performed. Mean core, forehead and tympanic temperatures were all significantly higher (p< 0.05) during HOT (38.6° ±0.1°, 39.6° ±0.2° and 38.8°±0.1°C, respectively) and HHC (38°±0.2, 37.7°±0.3° and 37.7°C, respectively) than in CON (37.1°±0.6°, 33.3° ±0.2° and 35.9°±0.3°C, respectively). Results indicate that there was impairment in working memory with heat exposure (p < 0.05) without alteration in attentional processes. The regular application of cold packs only prevented the detrimental effect of hyperthermia on short-term memory. Our results show that impairments in cognitive function with passive hyperthermia and the beneficial effect of head cooling are task dependent and suggests that exposure to a hot environment is a competing variable to the cognitive processes

La philosophie de la prise en charge.

International audienc

Motivational control over well-trained performance.

International audienc

L'intégration scolaire : un pas vers l'intégration sociale. Psychologie & Psychopathologie de l'enfant : 30 ans de clinique, de recherches et de pratiques.

National audienc

Étude au moyen des potentiels évoqués tardifs de l'organisation des étapes sensorimotrices chez l'homme

National audienceThe main aim of this study was to test the relative organization of three of the stages of Sanders' 1990 information processing mode1: “features extraction”, “response choice”, and “motor adjustement”. The variables influencing these stages: stimulus degradation, stimulus-response (SR) compatibility and preparatory period have been manipulated. Event related potentials (N100, N200, P300) and reaction time were recorded from ten healthy subjects, in a dichotic listening task. Reaction times are lengthened for degraded stimuli, in the absence of a preparatory period and for SR non compatible conditions. However, the interaction between preparatory period and stimulus degradation variables, suggests an overlaping of the corresponding stages contrary to Sanders' postulate. The non compatible condition increases the latency of N200 and P300 components. The results suggest that the response choice processing would be contemporary to the N200 component. They are discussed within the framework of models of early communication between sensory and motor systems.L'objectif de l'étude consistait à tester l'organisation de trois étapes du modèle de traitement de l'information proposé par Sanders en 1990: ≪l'extraction des caractéristiques du stimulus≫, ≪le choix de la réponse≫ et ≪l'ajustement moteur≫. Les variables agissant sur ces étapes: dégradation du stimulus, compatibilité stimulus-réponse (SR) et période préparatoire, ont été manipulées. Les composantes des potentiels évoqués (N100, N200, P300) et le temps de réaction ont été enregistrés chez dix sujets sains, au cours d'une tâche d'écoute dichotique. Les temps de réaction sont allongés pour les stimulus dégradés, en l'absence de période préparatoire et dans les conditions d'incompatibilité. Les effets de la période préparatoire et de la dégradation du stimulus inter-réagissent, suggérant, un chevauchement des étapes correspondant contrairement au postulat défendu par Sanders. La condition d'incompatibilité allonge les latences des composantes N200 et P300. Les résultats suggèrent que le choix de la réponse est contemporain de la composante N200. Ils sont discutés dans le cadre des modèles proposant une communication précoce entre les systèmes sensoriels et moteurs

Event-Related Potentials in Parkinson’s Disease: A Review

This article reviews the findings of event-related potentials (ERP) in Parkinson's disease (PD) published during the last 10 years. Basic principles and methods of ERP are briefly presented with particular regard to the auditory “odd-ball” paradigm almost uniquely employed for the ERP assessment in PD to date. The results of respective studies are overviewed and discussed with respect to three main axes: (1) The slowing down of cognitive processing in PD is reflected by the delays of N2 and P3 components of ERP which are more important in demented than in non-demented patients. The Nl component is delayed in demented patients with PD as well as in other dementias of presumed subcortical origin. (2) Various neuropsychological deficits observed in PD correlate with the delays of ERP evoking the implication of common subcortico-cortical cerebral mechanisms. (3) The variations of ERP under dopaminergic manipulation suggest conflicting effects of levodopa treatment on cognition, at least in certain categories of PD patients. These findings are discussed in the light of current knowledge on neurotransmitter brain systems and some hypothetic explanations are proposed. Finally, an attempt is made to outline further perspectives of clinical and research utilization of ERP in Parkinson's disease

Des neurosciences à la gestion du stress devant l’assiette

Le stress est au centre de la psychopathologie et notamment des troubles du comportement alimentaire : il est à la fois symptôme et cause de nombreux dysfonctionnements cognitifs ou comportementaux et constitue un facteur pathogène somatique majeur. Or la présente étude montre que le niveau de stress semble étroitement lié aux dysfonctionnements d’une bascule entre deux grands modes du fonctionnement mental supérieur (automatique versus adaptatif), dont les substrats neurobiologiques ont été mis en évidence en Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique fonctionnelle (IRMf). Elle expose tout d’abord les caractéristiques cognitives liées aux deux modes de fonctionnement considérés : un mode automatique de fonctionnement apparaît adapté lors de situations simples et routinières, tandis que le mode adaptatif ou préfrontal est approprié aux situations complexes et/ou inconnues. L’étude met donc en évidence, au travers de ses premiers résultats, le lien entre la persistance inadaptée du mode de fonctionnement dit automatique en situation de non contrôle (complexe et/ou inconnue) et l’apparition d’un état de stress. Elle présente enfin les résultats d’une gestion cognitive des modes mentaux considérés sur le niveau de stress. Les premiers résultats de cette étude esquissent les contours d’une thérapie neurocognitive du stress, s’intéressant plus au contenant cérébral qu’au contenu cognitif

Effect of passive hyperthermia on working memory resources during simple and complex cognitive tasks

The aim of this study was to verify the hypothesis that hyperthermia represents a cognitive load limiting available resources for executing concurrent cognitive tasks. Electroencephalographic activity (EEG: alpha and theta power) was obtained in 10 hyperthermic participants in HOT (50°C, 50% RH) conditions and in a normothermic state in CON (25°C, 50% RH) conditions in counterbalanced order. In each trial, EEG was measured over the frontal lobe prior to task engagement in each condition (PRE) and during simple (OTS-4) and complex (OTS-6) cognitive tasks. Core (39.5 ± 0.5 vs. 36.9 ± 0.2ºC) and mean skin (39.06 ± 0.3 vs. 31.6 ± 0.6ºC) temperatures were significantly higher in HOT than CON (P<0.005). Theta power significantly increased with task demand (p=0.017, η2=0.36) and was significantly higher in HOT than CON (p=0.041, η2=0.39). The difference between HOT and CON was large (η2=0.40) and significant (p=0.036) PRE, large (η2=0.20) but not significant (p=0.17) during OTS-4, and disappeared during OTS-6 (p=0.87, η2=0.00). Those changes in theta power suggest that hyperthermia may act as an additional cognitive load. However, this load disappeared during OTS-6 together with an impaired performance, suggesting a potential saturation of the available resources