Влияние современных финансовых инструментов на управление государственными финансами (на примере Египта)

The purpose of this study is to examine the managerial impacts of applying modern public financial management (MPFM) tools in financial reform programs on the efficiency of public financial management (PFM) in developing countries, considering the case of the Egyptian reform program implemented during 2005–2015. Applying MPFM tools could improve the efficiency of PFM in developing countries if institutional factors are available to ensure their successful implementation in reform programs. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical method to describe the managerial impact of applying MPFM tools in the financial reform experiences in developing countries. It employed a case study approach on the Egyptian reform experiment to estimate the correlation between applying modern financial tools and the managerial efficiency of PFM assessed through three elements: operational efficiency, allocative efficiency, and financial discipline. The practical study used the IBM SPSS package and MS-Excel to process the data. The results found a positive correlation between the application of modern financial tools and the rate of improvement in the efficiency of PFM in the Egyptian reform program. The study developed a specific model for a deeper understanding of the impacts of MPFM tools on the efficiency of PFM. The model highlighted a strong positive correlation between the successful application of modern PFM tools and the efficiency of PFM and underscored that the availability of the required realtime financial information about governmental revenue and more control over public spending led to achieving financial discipline.Цель данного исследования – определить воздействие применения современных инструментов управления государственными финансами (MPFM) в программах финансовых реформ на эффективность управления государственными финансами (PFM) в развивающихся странах на примере египетской программы реформ, реализованной в 2005–2015 гг. Применение инструментов MPFM может повысить эффективность PFM в развивающихся странах при наличии институциональных факторов, обеспечивающих их успешное внедрение в программы реформ. Использован описательно-аналитический метод для описания управленческого воздействия применения инструментов MPFM в ходе финансовых реформ в развивающихся странах. Для оценки взаимосвязи между применением современных финансовых инструментов и управленческой эффективностью PFM, оцениваемой через три элемента: операционную эффективность, распределительную эффективность и финансовую дисциплину, использован метод кейс-стади на примере египетского эксперимента по реформированию. В практическом исследовании использован пакет IBM SPSS и MS-Excel для обработки данных. Результаты показали положительную корреляцию между применением современных финансовых инструментов и темпами повышения эффективности PFM в египетской программе реформ. В ходе исследования была разработана специальная модель для более глубокого понимания влияния инструментов MPFM на эффективность PFM. Модель продемонстрировала сильную положительную корреляцию между успешным применением современных инструментов PFM и их эффективностью, а также показала, что наличие необходимой финансовой информации о государственных доходах в режиме реального времени и усиление контроля за государственными расходами приводит к достижению финансовой дисциплины

Impact of anthropogenic activities and natural inputs on oceanographic characteristics of water and geochemistry of surface sediments in different sites along the Egyptian Red Sea Coast

The surface sediments and sea water interactions were studied in five different sites along the Egyptian Red Sea coast. There are commutative and correlative relations between these constituents, therefore, any alterations occur in the sediments and sea water will be directly reflected on the marine environment. Sixty-five sediment samples were collected and also the oceanographic characteristics of surface sea water such as salinity, pH and total dissolved salts (TDS) were measured in situ for the same five localities (El-Hamrawein Harbour, Sharm el Bahari, Abu Dabab, Qola'an and Shalatein). The oceanographic properties of sea water show high salinity (42.55 and 42.59 psu) and total dissolved salts values (31.77 and 31.73 mg/L-1) in both Qola'an and Shalatein, also Abu Dabab and Qala'an areas shows high pH values (8.00 and 8.04) due to the presence of dense sea grass cover. The sediment types generally changes from sand to slightly gravelly sand or muddy sand, also the surface sediments are mainly medium sand, moderately to poorly sorted. Geochemically, the factor controlling the carbonate content of studies sediments includes material supply of biogenic and terrigenous components. Therefore, sediments of El-Hamrawein, Sharm el-Bahari, Abu Dabab and Shalatein areas are terrigenous sediments, while sediments of Qola'an area south Marsa Alam are highly carbonates. In general, organic matter (4.82%) is higher in the sediments relative to adjacent areas due to high contributions of terrestrial materials by wadis and anthropogenic factors.Key words: Grain size, geochemistry, oceanographic, sediments, seawater, Red Sea, Egypt

The Correlation between Corneal Topographic Indices and Corneal High Order Aberrations in Keratoconus

This study was performed to investigate aberrometric changes of Keratoconus (KC) and its correlation with corneal topographic indices. In a cross sectional study, the researchers included 170 eyes of 138 candidates that were seeking corneal refractive surgery in Sohag refractive center, Sohag, Egypt and had been diagnosed as clinical KC. Patients were divided to mild, moderate, and severe KC. All eyes included in this study were subjected to corneal tomographic evaluation. Corneal aberrometry data was collected from the Sirius topography (Sirius, Costruzione Strumenti Oftalmici, Italy) over a 5-mm diameter. The collected data included Zernike coefficients for corneal aberrations, including total Root Mean Square (RMS), RMS Spherical Aberration (SA), RMS Coma, and RMS astigmatism. The study population was divided to mild, moderate, and severe KC. Mild KC cases included 58 eyes of 46 patients, moderate KC were 64 eyes of 52 patients, and severe KC were 48 eyes of 40 patients. Root mean square total was statistically significant in all groups with a higher p value in moderate KC (P = 0.001) and also was statistically significant when compared in the three groups altogether (P = 0.0001). Coma aberration was statistically significant in mild and moderate KC and when compared between the three groups (P = 0.0001). Root mean square Trefoil aberration was statistically significant only in moderate KC yet was statistically significant when compared in all groups (P = 0.0001). Root mean square astigmatism was statistically significant in mild KC only and when compared in the three groups altogether (P = 0.0001). Spherical aberration was also statistically significant in moderate and severe KC with a P value of < 0.0001 and 0.001, respectively. There was a positive correlation between posterior elevation and RMS values in mild and moderate KC while there was negative or very weak positive correlation in severe KC. There were negative correlations between the thinnest location and RMS values in nearly all variables in the three groups except weak positive correlation with RMS astigmatism in mild KC and with RMS total and coma aberration in severe KC .In conclusion corneal high order aberrations measured by the Sirius topography system had low to moderate correlation with corneal topographic indices provided by the same device in different grades of KC

Early versus Late Trophic Feeding: Effect on Health Status of Low Birth Weight Neonates

This study aimed to compare the effect of early versus late trophic feeding on the health status of low birth weight neonates. A comparative descriptive design was utilized on a convenience sample of one hundred low birth weight neonates, fifty of them for early group trophic feeding and the other fifty for late feeding. Sample was collected from two NICUs in Cairo University Hospitals from May 2013 till February 2014 to answer the research question” Does health status of low birth weight (LBW) neonates who start early trophic feeding better than those who started late trophic feeding?” Three tools were developed by researchers: socio-demographic data, nutritional recording sheet and observational check list for feeding tolerance signs and it filled by researchers daily for every neonate from admission till discharge. Results revealed that there were no statistically significant differences in the clinical and maternal characteristics of neonates in the two groups. The birth weight was increased significantly for early group than late in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd week. Amount of parenteral nutrition, hospital stay significantly less in early compared to late feeding group; late group experienced a highly significance incidence of milk intolerance and infection signs in the first week only. The benefits of early trophic feeding shown by this study strongly support its use for the LBW neonates. Early trophic feeding must be encouraged for all low birth weight neonates were recommended. Keywords: Early, Late Trophic Feeding, Health Status, Low Birth Weight Neonate

The Correlation between Corneal Topographic Indices and Corneal High Order Aberrations in Keratoconus

This study was performed to investigate aberrometric changes of Keratoconus (KC) and its correlation with corneal topographic indices. In a cross sectional study, the researchers included 170 eyes of 138 candidates that were seeking corneal refractive surgery in Sohag refractive center, Sohag, Egypt and had been diagnosed as clinical KC. Patients were divided to mild, moderate, and severe KC. All eyes included in this study were subjected to corneal tomographic evaluation. Corneal aberrometry data was collected from the Sirius topography (Sirius, Costruzione Strumenti Oftalmici, Italy) over a 5-mm diameter. The collected data included Zernike coefficients for corneal aberrations, including total Root Mean Square (RMS), RMS Spherical Aberration (SA), RMS Coma, and RMS astigmatism. The study population was divided to mild, moderate, and severe KC. Mild KC cases included 58 eyes of 46 patients, moderate KC were 64 eyes of 52 patients, and severe KC were 48 eyes of 40 patients. Root mean square total was statistically significant in all groups with a higher p value in moderate KC (P = 0.001) and also was statistically significant when compared in the three groups altogether (P = 0.0001). Coma aberration was statistically significant in mild and moderate KC and when compared between the three groups (P = 0.0001). Root mean square Trefoil aberration was statistically significant only in moderate KC yet was statistically significant when compared in all groups (P = 0.0001). Root mean square astigmatism was statistically significant in mild KC only and when compared in the three groups altogether (P = 0.0001). Spherical aberration was also statistically significant in moderate and severe KC with a P value of < 0.0001 and 0.001, respectively. There was a positive correlation between posterior elevation and RMS values in mild and moderate KC while there was negative or very weak positive correlation in severe KC. There were negative correlations between the thinnest location and RMS values in nearly all variables in the three groups except weak positive correlation with RMS astigmatism in mild KC and with RMS total and coma aberration in severe KC .In conclusion corneal high order aberrations measured by the Sirius topography system had low to moderate correlation with corneal topographic indices provided by the same device in different grades of KC

Effect of Spraying Some Amino Acids, Algae Extract, and Turmeric Extract on Shot Berries, Yield and Berries Quality of Prime Seedless Grapevines

This study was conducted through the 2020 and 2021 seasons on prime seedless grapevines grown under Minia Governorate conditions to investigate the effects of five different nutrients: Amino acids (methionine, tryptophane, cystine, cysteine, and lysine) at 0.05 or 0.1%, algae extract at 0.1 or 0.2%, turmeric extract at 0.1 or 0.2%, boric acid at 0.05%, and gibberellic acid (GA3) at 20 ppm on vine vegetative growth characteristics, nutritional status, shot berries, yield, and quality of berries. All the nutrient treated vines showed enhanced growth aspects, nutritional status, yield, and berry quality compared with the untreated controls. The promotion of vegetative growth, vine nutritional status, and some chemical characteristics of berries were related to the application of some amino acids, algae extract, Turmeric extract, boric acid, and (GA3) in descending order. As for the yield, cluster aspects, berry weight, and dimensions, as well as reducing shot berries of clusters were related to the application of some amino acids, algae extract, Turmeric extract, GA3, and boric acid in descending order. Conclusively: Treatment of prime seedless grapevines three times at growth start, just after three growth starts later with some amino acids at 0.1% is the best treatment yield and gave high fruit quality

ETIOLOGY OF FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH GRAPEVINE DECLINE AND THEIR PATHOLOGICAL POTENTIAL

Decline of grapevine due to soil borne fungi was surveyed during 2013- 2015 summer growing seasons at El-Fayoum, El-Gharbeia and El-Beheira governorates, Egypt, Syndromes of declined grapevine plants included growth retardant of shoot system and root-rot as well as decrease of grapevine fruit yield  quality. Isolation trails from root of declined trees of different grapevine cultivars i.e., superior, flame seedless, King robi and crimson was carried out. The most soil borne fungi associated with root-rotted grapevine were Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend, Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc, Botryodiplodia theobromae, Rhizoctonia solaniKuhn and Macrophomina phaseolina(Tassi) Gold. Fusarium spp. are the main fungal associated with different infection types of declined root of grapevine either a singly or in combination with B. theobromae or R. solani as second infection type and third infection type with B. theobromae + R. solani. Under soil artificially infested with 5% (w/w) of each fungal isolates inocula of fourteen isolates obtained were varied for causing wilt and root-rot symptoms of grapevine trees and reducing growth parameters plant height, root length, root size, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root than the control. Botrydiplodia theobromae isolate No. (7)was the most caused root-rot and disease severity of shoot and root of grapevine plant(100%)  followed by Fusarium avenacum caused (87.5%) of root –rot and disease severity of shoot and root. Fouthermore, Fusarium avenacum isolate was the most fungal isolate in reducing growth parameters expect root length.  This is first record that Fusarium avenacum as a causal organism causing root rot disease of grapevine in Egypt

Clinical audit of neonatal care in Assiut Women's Health Hospital, Egypt

Background: The current study aims to auditing the current care of healthy full term newborns in the delivery room and identify the gap between the current practice and ideal practice in Assiut Women's Health Hospital, Egypt.Methods: The current study was a clinical audit carried out in Assiut Woman Health Hospital, in the period from 1 September 2016 to 28 February 2017.The study included all newborns delivered in the delivery word of gestational age after 37 week. We excluded all Preterm babies, those with congenital anomalies, pregnant women with medical disorders and multiple pregnancies. In the present work all data was collected prospectively through direct personal patient contact, direct observation of care givers, patient interactions and attitudes, from the clinical records and then recording the data in special check sheet. All basic criteria of the study participants as age, parity, gestational age at delivery and type of delivery were obtained. The neonatal gender, weight, heart rate and respiratory rate were checked. Audit criteria were selected according to the WHO 2015 and AAP 2010-2015 guidelines.Results: The study included 800 women; the mean age of the women was 26.52±5.70 years. The mean parity was 1.78±1.85. The mean gestational age at delivery was 38.81±0.96 weeks. As regard the type of delivery, 54.1% of women were delivered by cesarean section. Calling neonatologists occurred in 67.9% of deliveries. The mean birth weight was 3.17±0.39 kilograms. Nearly half of them (52%) were males.Conclusions: Application of the guidelines of the neonatal handling is important for optimum care to the neonates. Re-audit the steps of the handling is important to discuss whether practice has improved or not in our tertiary hospital

The chemical reactivity of naphthols and their derivatives toward α-cyanocinnamonitriles and ethyl α-cyanocinnamates: A review of synthesis, reactions and applications of naphthopyrano

This review deals with synthesis and reactions of some naphthopyrano derivatives and their applications. The main purpose of this review is to present a survey of literatures on the reactivity of naphthols and their derivatives toward α-cyanocinnamonitrile or ethyl α-cyanocinnamate derivatives and the reactions of β-enaminonitriles and β-enaminoesters with different electrophiles followed by nucleophilic reagents. Some of these reactions have been applied successfully to the synthesis of biologically important compounds

Approximation of Two-Dimensional Time-Fractional Navier-Stokes Equations involving Atangana-Baleanu Derivative

This article addresses the two analytical methods, i.e., the new iterative transform method (NITM) and the homotopy perturbation transform method (HPTM), along with an Aboodh transform (AT), to approximate the nonlinear system of two-dimensional (2D) time-fractional Navier-Stokes (TFNS) equations. We take the time-fractional derivative in the form of Atangana-Baleanu (AB). The article's suggested examples examine the accuracy and efficacy of the proposed methods, while the graphs demonstrate their potential and effectiveness. The article also provides demonstrations of uniqueness and convergence. The aforementioned techniques are straightforward and support a high rate of convergence, which helps in understanding the dynamics of fractional nonlinear systems