Distribution épidémiologique du virus de la Bronchite infectieuse aviaire autour du monde

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is ubiquitous in most parts of the world where poultry are reared. A large number of IBV variants exist worldwide; some being unique to a particular area, others having a more general distribution. The purpose of this review is to give an update on IBV strains currently circulating in commercial chickens worldwide and present a clear picture of the relationship between many of these viruses. Keywords: Infectious bronchitis virus, Variant strains, Review, World.Le virus de bronchite infectieuse aviaire fait partie des virus aviaires majeurs rencontrés chez les poulets depuis les débuts de l’élevage industriel. On retrouve la maladie de bronchite infectieuse dans la plupart des pays producteurs de volailles au niveau mondial. Malgré l’utilisation de vaccins qui contribuent au contrôle des signes cliniques, l’émergence de nouveaux virus sauvages variants conforte le fait que la bronchite infectieuse est une cible mouvante difficile à maîtriser. Le présent article est une mise à jour des connaissances sur la distribution épidémiologique et moléculaire des variants de l’IBV dans les différents pays du monde. Mots clés: Virus de la bronchite infectieuse, Variants, Revue bibliographique, Monde.   &nbsp

MALADIE DE CASTLEMAN THORACIQUE A LOCALISATION SCISSURALE. A PROPOS D’UN CAS EXCEPTIONNEL

Introduction: Castleman’s disease is a benign lymphoid proliferation of unknown etiology. It has two different clinical classifications: localized and multicentric type. Trough a case report of thoracic Castleman’s disease, we will try to define the clinical, radiological and pathological features of this rare disease. Case report: We report a case of 33 years-old woman, presenting a left hilar opacity fortuitously discovered on the chest x-ray. We evoked the diagnosis of hydatid cyst because of our endemic context. During the surgical operation, an inter-lobar mass in intimate contact with the branches of the pulmonary artery was discovered. The tumor was removed completely, and was diagnosed to be the hyalin vascular type of Castleman’s disease histopathologically. Discussion: Thoracic Castleman’s disease is located most commonly in the mediastinum. Interlobar location, such our patient is unusual. Its management is surgical. Three pathologic classifications have been developed: hyalin vascular variant, plasma cell variant and mixed variant. Conclusion: Castleman’s disease is a benign and uncommon etiology of thoracic tumors. The diagnosis is histological after a surgical resection.Introduction : La maladie de Castleman est une prolifération lymphoïde bénigne d’étiologie inconnue. Elle se présente sous forme localisée ou multiviscérale. A travers une observation d’une maladie de Castleman à localisation thoracique, nous rappelons les aspects cliniques, radiologiques et anatomo-pathologiques de cette pathologie rare. Observation : Patiente de 33 ans, ayant été admise au service de chirurgie thoracique pour une opacité hilaire gauche, de découverte fortuite, évoquant un kyste hydatique du poumon gauche, vu notre contexte endémique. La patiente a bénéficié d’une exploration chirurgicale qui a découvert une masse scissurale au contact intime avec les branches de l’artère pulmonaire gauche. Le geste chirurgical a consisté en une résection complète de la tumeur. L’étude anatomopathologique de la pièce opératoire a montré une forme vasculo-hyaline de la maladie de Castleman. Discussion : La localisation médiastinale est la plus fréquente des formes thoraciques de la maladie de Castleman. La localisation scissurale, cas de notre patiente est exceptionnelle. Son traitement est chirurgical. On distingue 3 formes histologiques, la forme vasculo-hyaline, la forme plasmocytaire et la forme mixte. Conclusion : La maladie de Castleman est l’une des étiologies rares et bénignes des tumeurs intrathoraciques. Son diagnostic est anatomo-pathologique après une exérèse chirurgicale

Stabilité et propriétés électriques de phases conductrices anioniques du système Bi

L’étude en fonction de la température du système Bi2O3-CaO-PbO par diffractométrie X, analyse thermique différentielle et spectrométrie d’impédance a permis de déterminer les domaines d’équilibre de quatre solutions solides. Deux sont de type Bi-Sr-O rhomboédrique (β1-β2), une de type fluorine (δ), la dernière adopte une structure type anti α-AgI. Elles dérivent de phases des systèmes Bi2O3-CaO et (ou) Bi2O3-PbO et comme celles-ci présentent des propriétés de conduction intéressantes. A température ambiante, seule β2 est stable, mais sa forme haute température β1 ainsi que 5 peuvent être préservées dans un état métastable par trempe à l’air ; leurs domaines d’existence ainsi que l’étude de leurs comportements thermiques sont présentés

Desalination for irrigation use: chemical pre-treatment study of Reverse osmosis plant

Desalinated brackish water is becoming an important water source for agricultural irrigation. In Brackish water desalination, pretreatment of reverse osmosis is the key step in designing the plants to avoid membrane fouling and scaling. It is enormously important to carry out a study designed at ensuring the optimization of the pretreatment system for brackish desalination plant in order to optimize the quality of the water fed through the reverse osmosis membranes, to guarantee the highest performance and to minimize the number of shutdowns for chemical cleaning. In this paper, performance evaluation carried out for a brackish water reverse osmosis plant for agricultural application, located in Dokkala Region in Morocco.

In-vitro and in-vivo study of the interference between Rift Valley fever virus (clone 13) and Sheeppox/Limpy Skin disease viruses

Abstract Viral interference is a common occurrence that has been reported in cell culture in many cases. In the present study, viral interference between two capripox viruses (sheeppox SPPV and lumpy skin disease virus LSDV in cattle) with Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) was investigated in vitro and in their natural hosts, sheep and cattle. A combination of SPPV/RVFV and LSDV/RVFV was used to co-infect susceptible cells and animals to detect potential competition. In-vitro interference was evaluated by estimating viral infectivity and copies of viral RNA by a qPCR during three serial passages in cell cultures, whereas in-vivo interference was assessed through antibody responses to vaccination. When lamb testis primary cells were infected with the mixture of capripox and RVFV, the replication of both SPPV and LSDV was inhibited by RVFV. In animals, SPPV/RVFV or LSDV/RVFV combinations inhibited the replication SPPV and LSDV and the antibody response following vaccination. The combined SPPV/RVFV did not protect sheep after challenging with the virulent strain of SPPV and the LSDV/RVFV did not induce interferon Gamma to LSDV, while immunological response to RVFV remain unaffected. Our goal was to assess this interference response to RVFV/capripoxviruses’ coinfection in order to develop effective combined live-attenuated vaccines as a control strategy for RVF and SPP/LSD diseases. Our findings indicated that this approach was not suitable for developing a combined SPPV/LSDV/RVFV vaccine candidate because of interference of replication and the immune response among these viruses

Chemical composition and effect of liquid and vapor phase of Lavandula multifida essential oil on mycelial growth of fungi responsible for the rot of apple

International audienceThis work aims to study the chemical composition and the antifungal activity of Lavandula multifida essential oil against three fungal decays of apples in post-harvest according to two methods: direct contact in agar médium and micro-atmosphère. This species has provided an essential oil with a yield of 2.4%. The chromatographic analysis (GC and GC/MS) of this essential oil has identified 28 constituents, accounting more than 90 % in total oil, which caravacrol (57.9 %) was the most principal component. The results obtained showed that the essential oil has a significant inhibition of the mycelial growth of all strains (p< 0.05).The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of this oil is 0.125 μL/mL of air against the three strains tested when using microatmosphere method. In contrast, MICs are 0.125 μL/ mL for Alternaria sp., and 0.25μL/mL for Penicillium expansum and Rhizopus stlonifer when using the direct contact method. This antifungal activity is due mainly to the richness of this essential oil in carvacrol known for its effectiveness against the microbial agents