Control of hyperphosphatemia in regular hemodialysis (HDx) patients by calcium acetate (CA) versus calcium carbonate (CC). A double blind crossover prospective study

This study included fourty chronic renal failure patients aged 37-83 years (mean 51.3±7) on thrice weekly HDx for 4-144 month (Kt/V >1.2). Acetate dialysate with calcium concentration of 3 mEq/L was used. All phosphate binders were discontinued for one month. Patients were divided in two groups. Group I (20 cases) received CA, while group II (20 cases) received CC in equimolar dose (10 mmol, of either t.i.d.) for one month. Crossover of treatment was done for another month while keeping patients on the same diet.Serum levels of total calcium (Ca), ionized Ca (iCa), phosphorus (P), alkaline phosphates (AP), urea (U), creatinine (Cr), ALT, AST, total proteins (TP) and albumin (Alb) were estimated before, and at the end of each month of CA and CC treatment. Serum Ca and iCa were significantly lower in group I after CA compared to values after CC (p<0.01). Similar results in Ca levels were observed in group II (P<0.05). In group II only serurn P was significantly lower after CA compared to its values after CC (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in AP, U, Cr, ALT, AST, TP and Alb before, and at the end of each month of CA and CC treatment (P>0.05 in all). We excluded 12.5% of cases due to CA intolerance while non of cases had similar intolerance to CC.Conclusion: 1) CA is not very superior to CC in control of hyperphosphataemia. 2) CA can be safely increased without the risk of hypercalcemia. 3) Active Vitamin D and high dialysate Ca can be used to suppress parathyroid activity more safely with CA than with CC. 4) Tolerability to CC is superior

EFFECT OF GREEN TEA ON CYTOGENETIC CHANGES INDUCED BY GIBBERELLIN A 3 IN HUMAN LYMPHOCYTE CULTURE

ABSTRACT Gibberllin A 3 is a plant growth regulator hormone used to increase the growth and flowering of fruits and vegetables. In the present work, the cytogenetic effect of different concentrations of gibberellin A 3 (0.1, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg) was studied in human lymphocyte culture. Treating cultures with gibberellin A 3 induced chromosomal aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges and DNA damage. The chromosomal aberrations include gap, break, deletion and centromeric attenuation. DNA damage was detected by comet assay and by total genomic damage method using gel electrophoresis. By increasing the concentration of gibberellin A 3 , the number of damage cells and the damage DNA spots increase. Moreover, the gel electrophoresis method showed that there was an increase of released DNA and RNA as the concentration of gibberellin A 3 increase. Green tea (Camellia sinensis) is one of the most popular bervages consumed. Green tea and its constituents were found to have a variety of therapeutic effects. The results obtained in the present investigation showed that when green tea and gibberellin A 3 were simultaneously applied in the culture media, the mutagenic changes induced by gibberellin A 3 were significantly reduced