KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS ANGGREK (ORCHIDACEAE) DI KAWASAN TAMAN WISATA ALAM GUNUNG MELINTANG KABUPATEN SAMBAS

Diversity of orchid species is a natural biological wealth that needs to be disclosed as the carrying capacity of an area as well as supporting educational and research activities. This research aims to measure the level of diversity of natural orchid species found in the Gunung Melintang Nature Tourism Park region. The research was conducted in January 2020 using a survey method with 15 plots double sampling technique with a size of 20 m x 20 m. The data analysis were Importance Value Index (INP), Dominance index (C), Index of Wealth Species (D), Diversity Index (H'), Abundance Index (e) and Species Similarity Index (IS). The results showed the most dominant species is Bromheadia finlaysoniana with an INP is 14,394. The value of species divercity index is 1.0277, which mean that it had moderate diversity. Beside that, the value of dominance index is 0,1098 (no species dominate), species richness index is 5,245 (high) and an abundance index is 0,8967.Keyword: diversity of species, orchid, Gunung Melintang Nature Tourism ParkAbstractKeanekaragaman jenis anggrek merupakan kekayaan alam hayati yang perlu diungkapkan keberadaannya  sebagai daya dukung suatu kawasan sekaligus menunjang kegiatan pendidikan dan penelitian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur tingkat keanekaragaman jenis anggrek alam yang terdapat di kawasan TWA Gunung Melintang. Penelitian dilaksanakan Januari 2020  menggunakan metode survei dengan teknik sampling petak ganda sebanyak 15 petak dengan ukuran 20 m x 20 m.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa spesies yang paling mendominasi adalah Bromheadia finlaysoniana dengan INP sebesar 13,394. Nilai Indeks Keanekaragaman Jenis sebesar 1.0277 artinya memiliki keanekaragaman jenis yang sedang. Selain itu, nilai Indeks Dominansi sebesar 0.1098 (tidak ada spesies yang mendominasi), nilai Indeks Kekayaan Jenis sebesar 5.2450 (tinggi) dan nilai Indeks Kelimpahan sebesar 0.8967. Kata kunci: anggrek, keanekaragaman jenis, TWA Gunung Melintan

UJI IN VITRO DAYA RACUN DAUN RENGAS (Gluta renghas Linn) DAN MANGGA KWENI (Mangifera odorata Griff) TERHADAP SERANGAN JAMUR PELAPUK KAYU (Schizopyllum commune Fries)

Wood is an organic material that is easily affected by various factors of wood destruction, one of them is wood decay fungal Schizopyllum commune Fries. To overcome the attack of this fungal, it is needs preventive efforts such as using natural materials that are efficacious as anti-fungal. In this study, testing was conducted to analyze the toxic power of methanol extract from the leaves of Anacardiace family plant, namely Gluta renghas and Mangifera ordorata. This study used RAL factorial with 2 factors (type of leaves extract and concentration levels). The methods used were moisture content measurement of those leaves powder, extraction stage with methanol solvent, yield percentage measurement, and anti fungal assays. The results showed that there was no interaction between type of leaves extract and concentrations levels, but concentration levels showed significant effect to the antifungal activity. The optimum concentration of the extracts in inhibited the growth of decay fungal S. commune was 3 %. Keywords: in vitro assay, anti fungal, Gluta renghas, Mangifera ordorata rengas, Schizopyllum commune AbstrakKayu merupakan bahan organic yang mudah terserang berbagai faktor perusak kayu diantaranya adalah jamur pelapuk Schizopyllum commune Fries, untuk megatasi serangan jamur ini perlukan usaha pencegahan seperti menggunakan bahan alam yang berkhaasiat sebagai anti jamur. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan penggujian untuk mengganalisadaya racun ekstrak methanol dari daun tanaman family Anacardiace yaitu G. renghas dan M. ordorata. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) factorial dengan 2 faktor (jenis ekstrak dan tingkat konsentrasi). Metode yang digunakan adalah pengukuran kadar air serbuk, ekstraksi dengan menggunakan pelarut methanol, penentuan rendemen dan pengujian anti jamur. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa tidak terdapat interaksi antara factor jenis ekstrak dan tingkat konsentrasi, sedangkan factor tingkat konsentrasi mempengaruhi aktivitas anti jamur. Konsentrasi terbaik dari kedua ekstrak dalam menghambat jamur pelapuk S. commune adalah 3 %. Abstrak ditulis dalam Bahasa Indonesia dengan spasi tunggal, mempergunakan huruf Kata kunci: uji in vitro, anti jamur, Gluta renghas, Mangifera ordorata rengas, Schizopyllum commun

KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS TUMBUHAN PIONIR DI LAHAN BEKAS PENAMBANGAN EMAS TANPA IZIN DESA BUGANG KECAMATAN HULU GURUNG KABUPATEN KAPUAS HULU

This study aims to obtain data on the diversity of pioneer plant species in the ex-illegal gold mining area from Bugang Village, Hulu Gurung District, Kapuas Hulu Regency. The research method used is a survey method with vegetation data sampling in the form of a single plot measuring 50 m x 100 m. Furthermore, 10 plots of 20m x 20m were made in single plots and the remaining 20m x 10m were 5 plots, 5m x 5m for saplings and 2m x 2m for seedlings and understorey 15 plots each. The results showed that there were 1,059 individual pioneer plants from 20 species and 11 families. The value of understorey vegetation density, seedling level and salpling level showed high criteria. The highest index of importance of understorey was 53.9% for Diplazium esculentum, 37.5% for Bellucia axinanthera and saplings 123% for Brookea tomentosa. The diversity index value (H ') for understorey, seedling level and sapling level has a value of <1. This value indicates that the ex gold mining site has a low level of diversity but still has a high level of control with a stable abundance of species and the number of individuals of each plant species that are evenly distributed. Keywords: Bugang Village, ex-illegal gold mining, pioneering plant, species diversityAbstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh data keanekaragaman jenis tumbuhan pionir di lahan bekas penambangan emas tanpa izin Desa Bugang Kecamatan Hulu Gurung Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode survei dengan pengambilan contoh data vegetasi berupa petak tunggal berukuran 50m x 100m. Selanjutnya dibuat 10 petak berukuran 20m x 20m dalam satu petak dan sisanya 20m x 10m ada 5 petak, 5m x 5m untuk pancang dan 2m x 2m untuk semai dan tumbuhan bawah masing-masing 15 petak . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 1.059 individu dari 20 jenis dan 11 famili. Kerapatan vegetasi tumbuhan bawah, tingkat semai dan pancang termasuk dalam kriteria  hutan yang baik. Indeks nilai penting tumbuhan bawah tertinggi adalah 53,9% untuk Diplazium esculentum, semai 37,5% untuk Bellucia axinanthera dan pancang 123% untuk Brookea tomentosa. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman tumbuhan bawah, tingkat semai dan pancang memiliki nilai <1. Nilai ini menunjukkan bahwa lokasi bekas penambangan emas memiliki tingkat keanekaragaman yang rendah namun masih memiliki tingkat kelimpahan jenis yang stabil dan jumlah individu tiap jenis tumbuhan yang tersebar merata. Kata kunci: Bekas penambangan emas tanpa izin, Desa Bugang, keanekaragaman jenis, tumbuhan pioni

KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS TUMBUHAN BERKHASIAT OBAT DI HUTAN KAMPUS UNIVERSITAS TANJUNGPURA PONTIANAK

Since a long time ago, Indonesians have already known and utilized medicinal plants to overcome health problems. Tanjungpura University (UNTAN) was a part of the green open space in Pontianak, where there are green vegetation surroundings, whether plants , stakes, poles, or trees. Some of those plants have the potential to come as a medicinal. This research aimed to find the value of medicinal plants’ diversity in Tanjungpura University forestry. The advantage of this research will hopefully provide some knowledge about medicinal plant which later can be managed and preserved in Tanjungpura University. This research was conducted in the secondary forest of forestry faculty and Tanjungpura University Arboretum. This research used survey listen double ply technique as the method. Every surveillance partition have a size of 20 x 20 m, consisting of 8 partition on each forest, made up a total  of 0,64 Ha. Based on the research findings of medicinal plants in secondary Arboretum forest at seedling levels = 1,03, sapling = 0,88, pole = 0,19, tree = 0,97 while the secondary forest of forestry faculty at the seedling level = 0,79, sapling = 0,58, pole = 0,55, tree = 0,86.Keyword : Arboretum, Forest, Medicinal Plants, Species Diversity, Survey Methods

KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS JAMUR MAKROSKOPIS DI BUKIT WANGKANG DESA SUNGAI AMBAWANG KABUPATEN KUBU RAYA

Macroscopic fungi important role for ecosystem sustainable forest. Research to diversity of species macroscopic fungi in area Bukit Wangkang, Sungai Ambawang village. The research was counducted by survey method with multiple plot techniques. Laying of plots by means of purposive sampling, plots measuring 5m x 5m. obtained 23 plot observations total area of 0,0575 Ha, total research area of 3700 Ha. The research area, found 29 macroscopic fungi from 13 families, the families polyporaceae many of 10 species, then hymenochaetaceae many of 4 (four)  types and ganodermataceae many of 3 (three) types. The high INP value Mycena sp (26,571), Xylaria sp 1 (23,3312) and Xylaria sp 2 (13,8331). Discovered 8 (eight) species macroscopic fungi can be consumed such as ganoderma lucidum as medicinal ingredient which processed of powder and Lentinus tigrinus as food ingredients boiled or sautéed. Macroscopic fungi cannot be consumed like rigidoporus microporus because it has fruiting body that is hard, and poisonous fungi species such as coltricia sp and microporus sp types used as souvenir. 29 species of fungi founded 4 (four) species fungi grow out of the ground and 25 species types other in dead wood. Obtained 23 plots with three types of canopy density where density rarely obtained 6 (six) species of macroscopis fungi of 4 (four) plot, then density obtained 10 of fungi of 9 (nine) plot observation. Density obrained 13 fungi of 10 plot observations.Keywords: Edible mushroom, Macroscopic fungi, Secondary fores

PENGARUH DEGRADASI HUTAN PADA POPULASI ANGGREK EPIFIT DAN KARAKTERISTIK TEMPAT TUMBUH ANGGREK DI KAWASAN GUNUNG AMBAWANG KABUPATEN KUBU RAYA

Indonesia is a country with the richest orchids spesies in the world. Forest degradation could be one of the factors that threatens the existence of orchids in the tropial forest. The purpose of this study was to search information on forest degradation impact on epiphytic orchid populations as well as the characteristics of the orchid site condition in the areal Ambawang Mountain  Kubu Raya Regency. This study used survey method with stratified sampling technique on forest cover condition. Sampling area was 3 of a 40 m x 40 m, plot which divided into 4 sub plots of 20 m x 20 m. The results found 17 species of orchids with an 98 individual. There were 14 spesies orchid host trees with 130 number of trees, with three characters of bark on the host tree: rough, medium, and slightly smooth bark. Among 3 characters tree-bark type, the most orchid was found on  rough-bark type. It also found differences in the number of population of orchid species at each level of canopy closure. Mute orchid spesies populations were found under therefore, the close forest cover condition. should be maintained. There for the forest canopy closure should be maintaind.Keywords: forest degradation, orchids spesies, site characteristics