Effect of Improved access to Antiretroviral Therapy on clinical characteristics of patients enrolled in the HIV care and treatment clinic, at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

\ud Sub-Saharan Africa has been severely affected by the HIV and AIDS pandemic. Global efforts at improving care and treatment has included scaling up use of antiretroviral therapy (ART). In Tanzania, HIV care and treatment program, including the provision of free ART started in 2004 with a pilot program at Muhimbili National Hospital in Dar es Salaam. This study describes the socio-demographic and clinical features of patients enrolled at the care and treatment clinic at MNH, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. A cross-sectional study looking at baseline characteristics of patients enrolled at the HIV clinic at MNH between June 2004-Dec 2005 compared to those enrolled between 2006 and September 2008. Of all enrolled patients, 2408 (58.5%) were used for analysis. More females than males were attending the clinic. Their baseline median CD4 cell count was low (136 cells/microl) with 65.7% having below 200 cells/microl. Females had higher CD4 cell counts (150 cells/microl) than males (109 cells/microl) p < 0.001). The most common presenting features were skin rash and/or itching (51.6%); progressive weight loss (32.7%) and fever (23.4). Patients enrolled earlier at the clinic (2004-5) were significantly more symptomatic and had significantly lower CD4 cell count (127 cells/microl) compared to CD4 of 167 cells/microl in those seen later (2006-8) (p < 0.001). Patients enrolled to the MNH HIV clinic were predominantly females, and presented with advanced immune-deficiency. Improved access to HIV care and treatment services seems to be associated with patients' early presentation to the clinics in the course of HIV disease.\u

Equities-Capital Market Performance Modelling (ECMP) in Nigeria

The work examined equities market operations and capital market performance in Nigeria. It covered the periods 1990 to 2021. Equities market operations were captured by equities market capitalization (ecap), number of listed equities (nole), number of traded equities (note) and value of traded equities (vote). The performance of the capital market on the other hand was encapsulated using market capitalization of the entire market. Data on these variables were obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) statistical bulletins. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to cointegration analysis technique aided by the e-views software was used to analyze the data. The result of the study revealed the existence of long-run relationship between equities market operations and performance of the capital market. This led to the conclusion that equities market operations influences capital market performance in Nigeria. Therefore, it was recommended that there is need for increased awareness on the activities of the equities market in Nigeria, promotion of market transparency, confidence in the system and regulatory stability for improved efficiency and effectiveness

Equities-Capital Market Performance Modelling (Ecmp) in Nigeria International

The work examined equities market operations and capital market performance in Nigeria. It covered the periods 1990 to 2021. Equities market operations were captured by equities market capitalization (ecap), number of listed equities (nole), number of traded equities (note) and value of traded equities (vote). The performance of the capital market on the other hand was encapsulated using market capitalization of the entire market. Data on these variables were obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) statistical bulletins. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to cointegration analysis technique aided by the e-views software was used to analyze the data. The result of the study revealed the existence of long-run relationship between equities market operations and performance of the capital market. This led to the conclusion that equities market operations influences capital market performance in Nigeria. Therefore, it was recommended that there is need for increased awareness on the activities of the equities market in Nigeria, promotion of market transparency, confidence in the system and regulatory stability for improved efficiency and effectiveness

Equities-Capital Market Performance Modelling (Ecmp) in Nigeria International

The work examined equities market operations and capital market performance in Nigeria. It covered the periods 1990 to 2021. Equities market operations were captured by equities market capitalization (ecap), number of listed equities (nole), number of traded equities (note) and value of traded equities (vote). The performance of the capital market on the other hand was encapsulated using market capitalization of the entire market. Data on these variables were obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) statistical bulletins. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to cointegration analysis technique aided by the e-views software was used to analyze the data. The result of the study revealed the existence of long-run relationship between equities market operations and performance of the capital market. This led to the conclusion that equities market operations influences capital market performance in Nigeria. Therefore, it was recommended that there is need for increased awareness on the activities of the equities market in Nigeria, promotion of market transparency, confidence in the system and regulatory stability for improved efficiency and effectiveness

Equities-Capital Market Performance Modelling (ECMP) in Nigeria

The work examined equities market operations and capital market performance in Nigeria. It covered the periods 1990 to 2021. Equities market operations were captured by equities market capitalization (ecap), number of listed equities (nole), number of traded equities (note) and value of traded equities (vote). The performance of the capital market on the other hand was encapsulated using market capitalization of the entire market. Data on these variables were obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) statistical bulletins. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to cointegration analysis technique aided by the e-views software was used to analyze the data. The result of the study revealed the existence of long-run relationship between equities market operations and performance of the capital market. This led to the conclusion that equities market operations influences capital market performance in Nigeria. Therefore, it was recommended that there is need for increased awareness on the activities of the equities market in Nigeria, promotion of market transparency, confidence in the system and regulatory stability for improved efficiency and effectiveness