Efficacy and safety of single-dose liposomal amphotericin B in patients with visceral leishmaniasis in Bangladesh: a real-life experience

Liposomal amphotericin B (LAmB) is the drug of choice in Bangladesh to eliminate the burden of visceral leishmaniasis, also known as kala-azar, a fatal protozoan parasitic disease if left untreated. We aimed to assess efficacy and safety of a single-dose (10 mg/kg) LAmB in visceral leishmaniasis (VL) treatment among the visiting children and adults in a tertiary care setting. This prospective study includes 11 children and 19 adults with a confirmed diagnosis of kala-azar (total 30 cases). Intravenous infusion of LAmB (10 mg/kg body weight) was given to all of the patients. Clinical assessments were conducted during treatment, before hospital discharge, and on days 30 and 180 after treatment. Efficacy was estimated in terms of initial cure (at day 30) and the final cure (at 180 days). All information was recorded in a preformed case record form and analysis was performed in SPSS 22. The mean age was 27.13 ± 18.04 years (3-65) with male predominance (60%). Significant regression of spleen size was found following treatment with LAmB at 30 days and 180 days follow up visit (p &lt; 0.05 for all). Overall, rate of initial cure was 90% (n = 27) (child 90.9% vs 89.47% adult) and final cure was 96.66% (n = 29) (child 100% vs 94.73% adult). Fourteen adverse events were recorded mostly including fever and/or shivering (85.71%). No case relapsed or were referred either due to management or Severe Adverse Event (SAE). In real-life experience, the LAmB treatment for visceral leishmaniasis is as safe and effective for treatment of kala-azar patients.Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12639-021-01379-w.</p