Energy sustainability – an issue for today

Energy sustainability has been an area of greater growth in terms of development across the globe in the recent time. This is said to improve further in the future from one country to another. This development through sustainability needs a cleaner energy supply and renewable energy sources [RES] that are affordable which will not in any way interferes with the society negatively. Most suitably among the [RES] are the biomass and waste fuels which are considered to be a sustainable form of energy due to the fact that natural resource materials renew themselves at a frequent rate so that the ability of future generations to utilize bioenergy will not be compromised. Biomass is a concentrated solar energy that are obtained from the solar powered photosynthesis process during the growth and development phases of plant materials and through which their conversion techniques; waste to energy techniques, bioenergy are the resultants produced from the source, like; biogas, bioethanol, bio hydrogen etc. In this research, biogas production through yeast (baker’s yeast) is being considered as it is used in the High Pressure Homogeniser (HPH) and its significant energy production is also analysed as compared to other biomass materials that are convertible to different form of biogas such as agricultural crop, crop residues, and forest products

Energy diversity through renewable energy source (RES) – a case study of biomass

Biomass has played a dominant role in the energy need of the continued world growing population. Its conversion from biomass to biogas in its production, have been a very promising means of producing an energy carrier from renewable resources and of achieving environmental benefits in multiples. As the population continue to grow coupled with the devastating effects of climate, efforts are being made by all and sundry at all level such as; scientists, researchers and policy makers in finding a lasting solution to the current predicament of climate change. As it is known fact now that the present demand for oil for biofuel production greatly exceeds the supply, this as a result has led to alternative sources of biomass being required. In achieving this, various biomasses have been considered for energy production, such as microalgae, yeast, grass and other renewable biomass substrates. Apart from the contribution biomass have made to sustainable development, it will also provide energy security for the growing population which currently stands at 7 billion. The resources availability and easily conversion process into the secondary energy carriers without much capital intensive makes this study a high profile research. Through this, it also aid in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by offsetting fossil fuel greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions when produced and used in a sustainable way Biomass as a renewable energy source is being discussed therein. Though there are large variations in biogas yields and composition of the gas among the raw materials considered. This is due to the variation in their compositions, digestion technologies and their digestion conditions that are applicable. Energy diversity through (RES) is herein therefore considered using biomass as a case study with particular emphasis on biogas/biofuel production

Underlying factors to consider in improving energy yield from biomass source through yeast use on high-pressure homogenizer (HPH)

Pioneering the works of Brookman (1975), Middelberg et al. (1992a, 1992b) and Kleinig and Middelberg (1996), on cell disruption of yeast through high pressure homogenizer (HPH), the underlying factors in improving energy yield from biomass source has to be considered. This has become a global issue for scientists, researchers and policy makers as the energy demand has grown over the years due to the growing population. As cleaner energy has become highly needed for save environment and protection of the climate hence shifting away from the utilization of fossil fuels will be of higher priority. In this paper, these factors will be highlighted and discussed herein as well as other parameters that influence the energy production efficiency from the high-pressure homogenizer (HPH) through using yeast as a biomass source. The HPH for consideration in this study is the GYB40-10S; this has a pressure of up to 100 MPa with two stage homogenizing valves pressure. This is adjustable so as to produce superfine, homogenous, stable liquid-liquid or solid-liquid under multiple actions of cavitation effect and high speed impact. And also shear through the adjustable homogenizing pressure valve in the conditions of high pressure and thereby making the material compatible after homogenization

Yeast: a potential biomass substrate for the production of cleaner energy (Biogas)

Yeast cell wall and its entire contents disruption treatments are required in the enhancement of protein and the overall biodegradability of the cell wall materials during homogenization process. Yeast as a cheap, good resource and easily available source of energy from biomass into biogas, it was used as a substrate for the cleaner energy production due to its richly and high level content of protein contained in it. An initial study on the effects of high-pressure homogenizer mechanical pretreatment has been conducted in sequence as generated by the design matrix of the design of experiment (DOE) focusing on protein yields from bakers’ yeast also known as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in order to achieve the maximum yield of protein which in other words aid biogas production, the following optimum process parameters were set in. The yeast block was refrigerated at between 0 – 4 °C with fermentation at (0 – 24 h), a pH value of (5.3) maximum was used in the preparation of the buffer solution C. This was obtained through diluting solution B into A until the pH was attained (details as shown in the materials and methods section). Number of cycles (passes) of the soluble yeast were undergone to enable the yeast cell walls be broken down for the release of more protein and at temperature range (15 – 25 °C). The pressure for the compressed state during homogenization was set between (30 – 90 MPa). The results presented therefore showed the rates of protein released from the disruption through using the Design Expert Software V.8 in identifying the ideal conditions as set in the parameters

The lost elements: the periodic table\u2019s shadow side [book review]

Peer reviewed: YesNRC publication: Ye