Expressão facial: o reconhecimento das emoções básicas em dependentes de heroína - estudo empírico com portugueses

Este artigo dá conta de uma investigação sobre o efeito da heroína na identificação e reconhecimento das emoções básicas (alegria, tristeza, cólera, surpresa, aversão, medo e desprezo). A amostra envolveu 60 participantes portugueses (25 mulheres, M= 29,5, DP= 4.4; 35 homens, M= 26.5, DP= 3.6) diagnosticados com Perturbações Induzidas por Opiáceos (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Confirmou-se que os dependentes de heroína apresentam dificuldades na identificação e caracterização das emoções básicas universais com excepção da tristeza e da cólera, com valorada incidência até às 72 horas, a qual foi decrescendo com o decorrer do tempo da abstinência. Os resultados confirmam, ainda, que as mulheres são mais espontâneas na identificação e caracterização das emoções básicas do que os homens. Os homens não são tão espontâneos e consistentes naquela identificação, manifestando erros recidivos de percepção emocional. São também mais espontaneamente identificadas pelas mulheres as emoções básicas exibidas. This paper presents a research on the effect of the cocaine in the identification and recognition of the basic emotions (joy, sadness, anger, surprise, disgust, fear and contempt).The sample involved 60 Portuguese participants (25 women, M = 36,5, SD = 4,4; 35 men, M = 30,5, SD = 3.6) diagnoses with Induced Disturbances by Opiates (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). The results confirm that the heroin dependents present difficulties in the identification and characterization of the universal basic emotions with exception of the sadness and anger. The results confirm, still, that the women are more spontaneous in the identification and characterization of the basic emotions of that the men. The men are not so spontaneous and consistent in that identification, revealing frequents errors of emotional perception

A High-Fidelity Open Embodied Avatar with Lip Syncing and Expression Capabilities

Embodied avatars as virtual agents have many applications and provide benefits over disembodied agents, allowing non-verbal social and interactional cues to be leveraged, in a similar manner to how humans interact with each other. We present an open embodied avatar built upon the Unreal Engine that can be controlled via a simple python programming interface. The avatar has lip syncing (phoneme control), head gesture and facial expression (using either facial action units or cardinal emotion categories) capabilities. We release code and models to illustrate how the avatar can be controlled like a puppet or used to create a simple conversational agent using public application programming interfaces (APIs). GITHUB link: https://github.com/danmcduff/AvatarSimComment: International Conference on Multimodal Interaction (ICMI 2019

Expressão facial: o reconhecimento das emoções básicas em dependentes de heroína. Estudo empírico com portugueses

Este artigo dá conta de uma investigação sobre o efeito da heroína na identificação e reconhecimento das emoções básicas (alegria, tristeza, cólera, surpresa, aversão, medo e desprezo). A amostra envolveu 60 participantes portugueses (25 mulheres, M= 29,5, DP= 4.4; 35 homens, M= 26.5, DP= 3.6) diagnosticados com Perturbações Induzidas por Opiáceos (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Confirmou-se que os dependentes de heroína apresentam dificuldades na identificação e caracterização das emoções básicas universais com excepção da tristeza e da cólera, com valorada incidência até às 72 horas, a qual foi decrescendo com o decorrer do tempo da abstinência. Os resultados confirmam, ainda, que as mulheres são mais espontâneas na identificação e caracterização das emoções básicas do que os homens. Os homens não são tão espontâneos e consistentes naquela identificação, manifestando erros recidivos de percepção emocional. São também mais espontaneamente identificadas pelas mulheres as emoções básicas exibidas. This paper presents a research on the effect of the cocaine in the identification and recognition of the basic emotions (joy, sadness, anger, surprise, disgust, fear and contempt).The sample involved 60 Portuguese participants (25 women, M = 36,5, SD = 4,4; 35 men, M = 30,5, SD = 3.6) diagnoses with Induced Disturbances by Opiates (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). The results confirm that the heroin dependents present difficulties in the identification and characterization of the universal basic emotions with exception of the sadness and anger. The results confirm, still, that the women are more spontaneous in the identification and characterization of the basic emotions of that the men. The men are not so spontaneous and consistent in that identification, revealing frequents errors of emotional perception

Influence of pregnancy and labor on the occurrence of nerve fibers expressing the capsaicin receptor TRPV1 in human corpus and cervix uteri

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Cervical ripening is a prerequisite for a normal obstetrical outcome. This process, including labor, is a painful event that shares features with inflammatory reactions where peripheral nociceptive pathways are involved. The capsaicin and heat receptor TRPV1 is a key molecule in sensory nerves involved in peripheral nociception, but little is known regarding its role in the pregnant uterus. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate human corpus and cervix uteri during pregnancy and labor and non-pregnant controls for the presence of TRPV1.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We have investigated human uterine corpus and cervix biopsies at term pregnancy and parturition. Biopsies were taken from the upper edge of the hysterotomy during caesarean section at term (n = 8), in labor (n = 8) and from the corresponding area in the non-pregnant uterus after hysterectomy (n = 8). Cervical biopsies were obtained transvaginally from the anterior cervical lip. Serial frozen sections were examined immunohistochemically using specific antibodies to TRPV1 and nerve markers (neurofilaments/peripherin).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In cervix uteri, TRPV1-immunoreactive fibers were scattered throughout the stroma and around blood vessels, and appeared more frequent in the sub-epithelium. Counts of TRPV1-immunoreactive nerve fibers were not significantly different between the three groups. In contrast, few TRPV1-immunoreactive fibers were found in nerve fascicles in the non-pregnant corpus, and none in the pregnant corpus.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>In this study, TRPV1 innervation in human uterus during pregnancy and labor is shown for the first time. During pregnancy and labor there was an almost complete disappearance of TRPV1 positive nerve fibers in the corpus. However, cervical innervation remained throughout pregnancy and labor. The difference in TRPV1 innervation between the corpus and the cervix is thus very marked. Our data suggest that TRPV1 may be involved in pain mechanisms associated with cervical ripening and labor. Furthermore, these data support the concept that cervix uteri may be the major site from which labor pain emanates. Our findings also support the possibility of developing alternative approaches to treat labor pain.</p

Emotion-Recognition Using Smart Watch Sensor Data: Mixed-Design Study

Background: Research in psychology has shown that the way a person walks reflects that person’s current mood (or emotional state). Recent studies have used mobile phones to detect emotional states from movement data. Objective: The objective of our study was to investigate the use of movement sensor data from a smart watch to infer an individual’s emotional state. We present our findings of a user study with 50 participants. Methods: The experimental design is a mixed-design study: within-subjects (emotions: happy, sad, and neutral) and between-subjects (stimulus type: audiovisual “movie clips” and audio “music clips”). Each participant experienced both emotions in a single stimulus type. All participants walked 250 m while wearing a smart watch on one wrist and a heart rate monitor strap on the chest. They also had to answer a short questionnaire (20 items; Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule, PANAS) before and after experiencing each emotion. The data obtained from the heart rate monitor served as supplementary information to our data. We performed time series analysis on data from the smart watch and a t test on questionnaire items to measure the change in emotional state. Heart rate data was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance. We extracted features from the time series using sliding windows and used features to train and validate classifiers that determined an individual’s emotion. Results: Overall, 50 young adults participated in our study; of them, 49 were included for the affective PANAS questionnaire and 44 for the feature extraction and building of personal models. Participants reported feeling less negative affect after watching sad videos or after listening to sad music, P<.006. For the task of emotion recognition using classifiers, our results showed that personal models outperformed personal baselines and achieved median accuracies higher than 78% for all conditions of the design study for binary classification of happiness versus sadness. Conclusions: Our findings show that we are able to detect changes in the emotional state as well as in behavioral responses with data obtained from the smartwatch. Together with high accuracies achieved across all users for classification of happy versus sad emotional states, this is further evidence for the hypothesis that movement sensor data can be used for emotion recognition

Automatic analysis of facilitated taste-liking

This paper focuses on: (i) Automatic recognition of taste-liking from facial videos by comparatively training and evaluating models with engineered features and state-of-the-art deep learning architectures, and (ii) analysing the classification results along the aspects of facilitator type, and the gender, ethnicity, and personality of the participants. To this aim, a new beverage tasting dataset acquired under different conditions (human vs. robot facilitator and priming vs. non-priming facilitation) is utilised. The experimental results show that: (i) The deep spatiotemporal architectures provide better classification results than the engineered feature models; (ii) the classification results for all three classes of liking, neutral and disliking reach F1 scores in the range of 71%-91%; (iii) the personality-aware network that fuses participants’ personality information with that of facial reaction features provides improved classification performance; and (iv) classification results vary across participant gender, but not across facilitator type and participant ethnicity.EPSR

Facial expressions depicting compassionate and critical emotions: the development and validation of a new emotional face stimulus set

Attachment with altruistic others requires the ability to appropriately process affiliative and kind facial cues. Yet there is no stimulus set available to investigate such processes. Here, we developed a stimulus set depicting compassionate and critical facial expressions, and validated its effectiveness using well-established visual-probe methodology. In Study 1, 62 participants rated photographs of actors displaying compassionate/kind and critical faces on strength of emotion type. This produced a new stimulus set based on N = 31 actors, whose facial expressions were reliably distinguished as compassionate, critical and neutral. In Study 2, 70 participants completed a visual-probe task measuring attentional orientation to critical and compassionate/kind faces. This revealed that participants lower in self-criticism demonstrated enhanced attention to compassionate/kind faces whereas those higher in self-criticism showed no bias. To sum, the new stimulus set produced interpretable findings using visual-probe methodology and is the first to include higher order, complex positive affect displays

Cognitive appraisal of environmental stimuli induces emotion-like states in fish

The occurrence of emotions in non-human animals has been the focus of debate over the years. Recently, an interest in expanding this debate to non-tetrapod vertebrates and to invertebrates has emerged. Within vertebrates, the study of emotion in teleosts is particularly interesting since they represent a divergent evolutionary radiation from that of tetrapods, and thus they provide an insight into the evolution of the biological mechanisms of emotion. We report that Sea Bream exposed to stimuli that vary according to valence (positive, negative) and salience (predictable, unpredictable) exhibit different behavioural, physiological and neuromolecular states. Since according to the dimensional theory of emotion valence and salience define a two-dimensional affective space, our data can be interpreted as evidence for the occurrence of distinctive affective states in fish corresponding to each the four quadrants of the core affective space. Moreover, the fact that the same stimuli presented in a predictable vs. unpredictable way elicited different behavioural, physiological and neuromolecular states, suggests that stimulus appraisal by the individual, rather than an intrinsic characteristic of the stimulus, has triggered the observed responses. Therefore, our data supports the occurrence of emotion-like states in fish that are regulated by the individual's perception of environmental stimuli.European Commission [265957 Copewell]; Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia [SFRH/BD/80029/2011, SFRH/BPD/72952/2010]info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio