A Case control study to determine Macrophage migration inhibitor, and N-telopeptides of type I bone collagen Levels in the sera of osteoporosis patients

ركزت هذه الدراسة على تحديد علامات مثبط هجرة البلاعم (MIF) ، بالإضافة إلى N-telopeptides من النوع الأول من كولاجين العظام (NTX) ، وبعض المعلمات الأخرى (الفوسفاتيز القلوي (ALP) ، فيتامين د (فيتامين د) ، الكالسيوم (Ca) والفوسفور (P) والمغنيسيوم (Mg) وارتباطهم بالمعايير الأخرى في مرض هشاشة العظام. شارك في الدراسة الحالية (110) شخص. كانت هناك مجموعتان من المرضى في هذه الدراسة: المجموعة الأولى (30) امرأة يعانون من هشاشة العظام الشديدة والمجموعة الثانية (30) من النساء المصابات بهشاشة العظام الخفيفة. تم تضمين 50 فردًا سليمًا كمجموعة تحكم . تم تقدير MIF وNTX باستخدام مقايسة الممتز المناعي المرتبط بالإنزيم (ELISA). مستويات المصل من MIF و NTX كانت أعلى بشكل ملحوظ في المجموعتين الأولى والثانية مقارنة بالمجموعة الضابطة، مما يشير إلى أن هذين المعيارين مرتبطان بالمرض، علاوة على ذلك تم تنظيم MIF و NTX في مجموعة واحدة عند تطبيق اختبار التحليل العنقودي في جميع المجموعات المدروسة، وهذا يشير إلى أنه في معظم العينات المدروسة ارتبطت المعلمتان ببعضهما البعض وكذلك مرتبطة بنقص العظم. أظهرت كلتا العلامات قيمة قطع واضحة باستخدام منحنى ROC. أظهر المغنيسيوم انخفاضًا معنويًا في مستواه في كلا المجموعتين مقارنةً بمجموعة التحكم. بينما أظهر الفوسفاتيز القلوي (ALP) زيادة معنوية فيه فهو نشاط في كلا المجموعتين المدروستين مقارنة بمجموعة التحكم. ظهر اختلاف معنوي في مستوى فيتامين (د) بين المجموعة الأولى والمجموعة الثانية، مع انخفاض معنوي في مستواه عند المقارنة بالمجموعة الثانية مع مجموعة السيطرة. ارتبط MIF و NTX ارتباطًا وثيقًا بمرضى هشاشة العظام، وكذلك Mg و Vit-D. من ناحية أخرى، لم تتغير مستويات الكالسيوم والفوسفور بشكل كبير مع هشاشة العظام التي يمكن اعتبارها عامل خطر طالما أنها منظمة في مجموعة واحدة مع MIF وNTX وMg و Vit D في جميع المرضى الذين خضعوا للدراسة. كان أفضل cut off لـ NTX هو 166.8 بيكوغرام / مل، وكان أفضل cut off لـ MIF هو 8.41 نانوغرام / مل وفقًا لتحليل ROC.This study focused on determining the markers of Macrophage migration inhibitor (MIF), as well as the N-telopeptides of type I bone collagen (NTX), and some other parameters (alkaline phosphatase (ALP), vitamin D (Vit D), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and magnesium (Mg), and their correlation with other parameters in osteoporosis. One hundred ten subjects were involved in the current study. There were two groups of patients: group I (30) women with severe osteoporosis and group II (30) women with mild osteoporosis. For comparison, 50 apparently healthy individuals were included as a control. Serum levels of MIF, and NTX were significantly higher in groups I and II as compared to the control group, which indicate that these two parameters were related to disease. Moreover MIF, and NTX were organized in one cluster when applying cluster analysis test to all the studied groups. This indicates that in most of the studied samples the two parameters were related to each other as well as to osteoporosis.  Magnesium showed a significant decrease in its level in both groups as compared to the control. On the other hand, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) showed a significant increase in  its activity in both studied groups as compared to the control. Vitamin D level manifested significant difference between group I and group II, with a significant decrease in  its level when comparing group II with the control group.  The MIF, NTX was highly associated with osteoporosis patients, in addition to Mg and Vit-D. On the other hand, Ca and P levels did not alter in a significant way with osteoporosis which may be considered as a risk factor as long as they are organized in one cluster with MIF, NTX, Mg, and Vit D in all the studied patients. Both markers showed a clear cut-off value using the ROC curve in which the best cutoff value of NTX was 166.8 pg/ml, and the best cutoff value of MIF was 6.6 ng/ml according to ROC analysis.

Cluster Analysis of Biochemical Markers as Predictor of COVID-19 Severity

Numerous blood biomarkers are altered in COVID-19 patients; however, no early biochemical markers are currently being used in clinical practice to predict COVID-19 severity. COVID-19, the most recent pandemic, is caused by the SRS-CoV-2 coronavirus.  The study was aimed to identify patient groups with a high and low risk of developing COVID-19 using a cluster analysis of several biomarkers. 137 women with confirmed SARS CoV-2 RNA testing were collected and analyzed for biochemical profiles. Two-dimensional automated hierarchy clustering of all biomarkers was applied, and patients were sorted into classes. Biochemistry marker variations (Ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase LDH, D-dimer, and C- reactive protein CRP) have split COVID-19 patients into two groups(severe cases and non-severe cases groups). Ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase LDH, D-dimer and CRP were markedly increased in COVID-19 patients in the first group (severe cases). Our findings imply that early measured levels of (Ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase LDH, D-dimer, and C- reactive protein CRP) are linked to a decreased probability of COVID-19 severity. Elevated levels of this biomarker may predict COVID severity development

Biochemical Characterization for Lipid Synthesis in Aspergillus niger

A niger, a fungus which doesn't have high ability to production lipid, this fungus has been select to investigate the non oleaginicity. In this search, there are explorations about: i) growth profile ii) enzymes profile iii) isoforms. Growth profile shows that this fungus doesn't have ability to accumulate lipid more than 6% while bio mass are around 10g/l in spite of the presence of glucose in the media till the end of cultivation time and excision of nitrogen within 24 hrs. In enzyme study, we investigate all lipogenic enzymes Malic enzyme (ME), Fatty acid synthase (FAS), ATP: Citrate lays (ACL), NAD+ isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+ICDH), Glucose-6-phosphate (G6PD), and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), all these enzymes show, activities till the end of cultivation time including ACL which is regarded the key enzyme to differentiate between the two species oleaginous and non oleaginous. So, there is no main reason to non oleaginicity for this fungus. A further experiment has been done using Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to identify ME isoforms. The result of Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis shows multi isoforms (A, B, C, D & E), with low intensity of isoform E, the isoforms that may involve in lipid synthesis. We have now studied the biochemistry of A.niger grown under conditions designed to promote lipid accumulation and can now advance a coherent hypothesis to explain why A niger could not accumulate lipid more than 6%. So the absence of isoforme E is the main reason for non oleaginicity in A niger

Synthesis and Antibacterial Evaluation of Some Novel Imidazole and Benzimidazole Sulfonamides

Several new substituted sulfonamide compounds were synthesized and their structures were confirmed by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, FT-IR, and mass spectroscopy. The antibacterial activities of the synthesized compounds were screened against standard strains of six Gram positive and four Gram negative bacteria using the microbroth dilution assay. Most of the compounds studied showed promising activities against both types of bacteria

Strategic Feeding of Ammonium and Metal Ions for Enhanced GLA-Rich Lipid Accumulation in Cunninghamella bainieri 2A1

Strategic feeding of ammonium and metal ions (Mg2+, Mn2+, Fe3+, Cu2+, Ca2+, Co2+, and Zn2+) for enhanced GLA-rich lipid accumulation in C. bainieri 2A1 was established. When cultivated in nitrogen-limited medium, the fungus produced up to 30% lipid (g/g biomass) with 12.9% (g/g lipid) GLA. However, the accumulation of lipid stopped at 48 hours of cultivation although glucose was abundant. This event occurred in parallel to the diminishing activity of malic enzyme (ME), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and ATP citrate lyase (ACL) as well as the depletion of metal ions in the medium. Reinstatement of the enzymes activities was achieved by feeding of ammonium tartrate, but no increment in the lipid content was observed. However, increment in lipid content from 32% to 50% (g/g biomass) with 13.2% GLA was achieved when simultaneous feeding of ammonium, glucose, and metal ions was carried out. This showed that the cessation of lipid accumulation was caused by diminishing activities of the enzymes as well as depletion of the metal ions in the medium. Therefore, strategic feeding of ammonium and metal ions successfully reinstated enzymes activities and enhanced GLA-rich lipid accumulation in C. bainieri 2A1