14 research outputs found
Switching ion binding selectivity of thiacalix[4]arene monocrowns at liquidβliquid and 2D-confined interfaces
Understanding the interaction of ions with organic receptors in confined space is of fundamental importance and could advance nanoelectronics and sensor design. In this work, metal ion complexation of conformationally varied thiacalix[4]monocrowns bearing lower-rim hydroxy (type I), dodecyloxy (type II), or methoxy (type III) fragments was evaluated. At the liquidβliquid interface, alkylated thiacalixcrowns-5(6) selectively extract alkali metal ions according to the induced-fit concept, whereas crown-4 receptors were ineffective due to distortion of the crown-ether cavity, as predicted by quantum-chemical calculations. In type-I ligands, alkali-metal ion extraction by the solvent-accessible crown-ether cavity was prevented, which resulted in competitive Ag+ extraction by sulfide bridges. Surprisingly, amphiphilic type-I/II conjugates moderately extracted other metal ions, which was attributed to calixarene aggregation in salt aqueous phase and supported by dynamic light scattering measurements. Cationβmonolayer interactions at the airβwater interface were monitored by surface pressure/potential measurements and UV/visible reflectionβabsorption spectroscopy. Topology-varied selectivity was evidenced, towards Sr2+ (crown-4), K+ (crown-5), and Ag+ (crown-6) in type-I receptors and Na+ (crown-4), Ca2+ (crown-5), and Cs+ (crown-6) in type-II receptors. Nuclear magnetic resonance and electronic absorption spectroscopy revealed exocyclic coordination in type-I ligands and cationβΟ interactions in type-II ligands
Microfluidic Synthesis and Analysis of Bioinspired Structures Based on CaCO<sub>3</sub> for Potential Applications as Drug Delivery Carriers
Naturally inspired biomaterials such as calcium carbonate, produced in biological systems under specific conditions, exhibit superior properties that are difficult to reproduce in a laboratory. The emergence of microfluidic technologies provides an effective approach for the synthesis of such materials, which increases the interest of researchers in the creation and investigation of crystallization processes. Besides accurate tuning of the synthesis parameters, microfluidic technologies also enable an analysis of the process in situ with a range of methods. Understanding the mechanisms behind the microfluidic biomineralization processes could open a venue for new strategies in the development of advanced materials. In this review, we summarize recent advances in microfluidic synthesis and analysis of CaCO3-based bioinspired nano- and microparticles as well as core-shell structures on its basis. Particular attention is given to the application of calcium carbonate particles for drug delivery
Proposal of an Algorithm for Choice of a Development System for Operational and Environmental Safety in Mining
In this paper, a method of mathematical modeling for solving the problem of reusing man-made waste from mining and the processing of ores is proposed. The use of intermediate products (man-made waste: tailings of processing plants, rocks from sinking operations and the technical water of mine drainage) in cyclic production presupposes their use as fill material components and placement in the mined-out voids of underground mines. The influence of mining factors on the fill material composition and the parameters of the created fill mass is justified. The results of a practical implementation of the proposed mathematical model are presented, and an algorithm is compiled. Deformation changes and stress concentration are key criteria in the proposed mathematical model. The proposed algorithm allows for the determination of the preferred system of deposit development, and the selection of its parameters and the fill material composition
Proposal of an Algorithm for Choice of a Development System for Operational and Environmental Safety in Mining
In this paper, a method of mathematical modeling for solving the problem of reusing man-made waste from mining and the processing of ores is proposed. The use of intermediate products (man-made waste: tailings of processing plants, rocks from sinking operations and the technical water of mine drainage) in cyclic production presupposes their use as fill material components and placement in the mined-out voids of underground mines. The influence of mining factors on the fill material composition and the parameters of the created fill mass is justified. The results of a practical implementation of the proposed mathematical model are presented, and an algorithm is compiled. Deformation changes and stress concentration are key criteria in the proposed mathematical model. The proposed algorithm allows for the determination of the preferred system of deposit development, and the selection of its parameters and the fill material composition
Anticancer Nanotherapeutics in Clinical Trials: The Work behind Clinical Translation of Nanomedicine
The ultimate goal of nanomedicine has always been the generation of translational technologies that can ameliorate current therapies. Cancer disease represented the primary target of nanotechnology applied to medicine, since its clinical management is characterized by very toxic therapeutics. In this effort, nanomedicine showed the potential to improve the targeting of different drugs by improving their pharmacokinetics properties and to provide the means to generate new concept of treatments based on physical treatments and biologics. In this review, we considered different platforms that reached the clinical trial investigation, providing an objective analysis about their physical and chemical properties and the working mechanism at the basis of their tumoritr opic properties. With this review, we aim to help other scientists in the field in conceiving their delivering platforms for clinical translation by providing solid examples of technologies that eventually were tested and sometimes approved for human therapy
ΠΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΡΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ (Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π²)
The article presents the results of a study of life values and their relationship
with the subjective well-being of indigenous small-numbered peoples based on the
example of the Nenets. The relevance of this study is due to the fact that globalization
transformations determine the change in human living conditions in the Arctic zone.
This process often takes place painfully: representatives of indigenous small-numbered
minorities cannot find their place in the new economic and multicultural system, which
leads to the loss of vital meanings and subjective ill-being. The article notes that the
solution to this problem may be to take into account life values during the transformation
of the economic behaviour of the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the Russian
Arctic.
The materials presented in the article demonstrate a strong relationship between the level
of satisfaction with life and the subjective level of income (subjective economic wellbeing).
The most important life values for the Nenets (security, kindness, independence)
turned out to be connected both with the level of satisfaction with life in general and with
the level of subjective economic well-being.
In conclusion, it is noted that the results obtained make it possible to formulate
recommendations for various entities on the effective transformation of the economic
behaviour of the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the Russian Arctic, in particular
the creation of conditions for stability, social security, community and collectivism, as
well as the ability to independently make economic decisionsΠ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΡΠΎΠ³ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ
ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²
Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π². ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ
Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ
ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° Π² ΠΡΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅. ΠΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ:
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΉΡΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ Π²
Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅
ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΌΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π½Π΅Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ. Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ,
ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π² Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅
ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²
Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ.
ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π² ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ
ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°
(ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ). ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ Π½Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π²
ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ (Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠ°, ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ) ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΡΡ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΌ
ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ.
Π Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ
ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ,
Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ
ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ
Digitization and validation of a chemical synthesis literature database in the ChemPU
Despite huge potential, automation of synthetic chemistry has only made incremental progress over the past few decades. We present an automatically executable chemical reaction database of 100 molecules representative of the range of reactions found in contemporary organic synthesis. These reactions include transition metalβcatalyzed coupling reactions, heterocycle formations, functional group interconversions, and multicomponent reactions. The chemical reaction codes or ΟDLs for the reactions have been stored in a database for version control, validation, collaboration, and data mining. Of these syntheses, more than 50 entries from the database have been downloaded and robotically run in seven modular chemputers with yields and purities comparable to those achieved by an expert chemist. We also demonstrate the automatic purification of a range of compounds using a chromatography module seamlessly coupled to the platform and programmed with the same language
Π‘ΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΆΠΈ β ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΡΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ: ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
The article presents the results of a pilot study of economic attitudes of young people β representatives of indigenous peoples of the Arctic zone (hereinafter β youth). The authors of the article used a multivariate questionnaire developed by O. S. Deineka and E. V. Zabelina as the main methodological tool to carry out the express diagnostics of economic attitudes. As a result, the article presents the structure of economic attitudes of youth.
In addition, using a factor analysis, the authors found four fundamental factors that should be considered as types of economic consciousness, but only one of them is financially confident and literate. The other three types are experiencing difficulties with knowledge in the field of economics, which can lead to dissatisfaction and disappointment of young people in this field in the future.
In conclusion, there are general conclusions and trends characterizing the tendency of young people from the indigenous peoples of the Arctic zone to passive, safe, and non-risky financial strategiesΠ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΆΠΈ β ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΡΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ
(Π΄Π°Π»Π΅Π΅ β ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΆΡ). Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Π² ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅
ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡ-Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ
ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π. Π‘. ΠΠ΅ΠΉΠ½Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ Π. Π. ΠΠ°Π±Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ. Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅
Π² ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΆΠΈ.
ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ½Π΄Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎβ
Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ. ΠΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎ Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ Π½Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΆΠΈ Π² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π² Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ.
Π Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ, Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ
Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΡΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΊ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ, Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ, Π½Π΅ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡ
Proteolytic Resistance Determines Albumin Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Properties and Increases Cathepsin B, D, and G Expression
Proteolytic activity is pivotal in maintaining cell homeostasis and function. In pathological conditions such as cancer, it covers a key role in tumor cell viability, spreading to distant organs, and response to the treatment. Endosomes represent one of the major sites of cellular proteolytic activity and very often represent the final destination of internalized nanoformulations. However, little information about nanoparticle impact on the biology of these organelles is available even though they represent the major location of drug release. In this work, we generated albumin nanoparticles with a different resistance to proteolysis by finely tuning the amount of cross-linker used to stabilize the carriers. After careful characterization of the particles and measurement of their degradation in proteolytic conditions, we determined a relationship between their sensitivity to proteases and their drug delivery properties. These phenomena were characterized by an overall increase in the expression of cathepsin proteases regardless of the different sensitivity of the particles to proteolytic degradation