Formulasi dan Uji Antiseptik Sediaan Sabun Cuci Tangan Air Perasan Jeruk Nipis (Citrus aurantifolia)

Citrus aurantifolia (lime) is the natural ingredients having potential activity as an antiseptic. This study aimed to formulate a hand wash liquid soap with active ingredients lime juice and to evaluate its antiseptic activity. Three different formulas (Formula I, Formula II and Formula III, with a concentration lime juice 20%, 30% and 40% respectively) were evaluated their visual appearance, pH, density and viscosity. Antiseptics activity test was carried out using the Replica method. The results showed that the lime juice hand wash soap had a transparent, homogeny, pale yellow color, and lime odor. Viscosity and pH of the preparation did not meet the criteria of SNI (National Standard of Indonesia). Moreover, the results showed that an increased of lime juice concentration implied a significant decrease in viscosity and pH of lime juice hand wash. Antiseptic activity test is indicated by the percentage of bacterial reduction (%.) The percentage of bacterial reduction were 61.25% in Formula I, 68.89% in Formula II and 89.06% in Formula III. Statistical evaluation using one-way Anova (α = 0.05) followed by Post Hoc Test using LSD methods showed the percentage of bacterial reduction in three formulas were significantly different compare to the control formula (% reduction of control formula = 35.8). Whereas, when the results were compared to the positive controls, there was no significant difference (% positive control reduction = 71.79)

Thin Layer Chromatography Fingerprinting and Clustering of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. from Different Origins

Introduction: Orthosiphon stamineus has been widely used across Asian countries for the treatment of various diseases. The quality of herbal medicine determine its safety as well as efficacy; and geographical origin is important factor contributing on the quality of herb and its products. Materials and Methods: Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) method combined with chemometric, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), has been employed to evaluate the quality of Orthosiphon stamineus leaves collected from eleven origins in Indonesia. Results: The results showed that mobile phase suitable for Orthosiphon stamineus was chloroform, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate (7:4:1). The method used has met the requirements of TLC system stability and precision. TLC-fingerprints analyzed with chemometrics showed an ability to discriminate Orthosiphon stamineus from various origins. PCA score plot of the first two principal components (PC) clearly distinguished 3 clusters of samples, whereas the loading plot of the first two PC showed that compounds with the Rf values of 0.0-0.1, 0.1-0.2, 0.2-0.3, and 0.9-1.0 are the most important compounds for clustering of samples. Conclusions: TLCfingerprint combined with the PCA was able to discriminate among the leaves of Orthosiphon stamineus originated from various locations. TLC-fingerprints analyzed with chemometrics can be used as an alternative of marker-oriented method to evaluate the quality of Orthosiphon stamineus. Key words: Geographical origin; Herbal medicine; Marker; Principal component analysis; Quality; TLC

Formulasi Sediaan Sabun Cuci Tangan Ekstrak Jeruk Nipis (Citrus aurantifolia) dan Efektivitasnya sebagai Antiseptik

Citrus aurantifolia (lime) is the natural ingredients having potential activity as an antiseptic. Thisstudy aimed to formulate a hand wash liquid soap with active ingredients lime juice and to evaluate its antisepticactivity. Three different formulas (Formula I, Formula II, and Formula III, with a concentration of lime juice 20,30, and 40%, respectively) were evaluated for their pH, visual appearance, density, and viscosity. Antiseptic activitytest was carried out using the replica method. The result showed that lime juice hand wash soap had a transparent,homogen, pale yellow color, and lime odor. Viscosity and pH of the preparation did not meet the criteriaof SNI (National Standart of Indonesia). Moreover, the results showed that an increased of lime juice concentrationimplied a significant decrease in viscosity and pH of the lime juice hand wash. Antiseptic activity test was indicatedby the percentage of bacterial reduction. The percentage of bacterial reduction for Formula I, II, and IIIwere 61.25, 68.89, and 89.06%, respectively. Statistical evaluation using one-way Anova (α = 0.05) followed byLSD showed the percentage of bacterial reduction in three formulas were significantly different compared tothe control formula (percentage of bacterial reduction = 35.8%). However, when the result were comparedto the positive control (percentage of bacterial reduction = 71.79%), there was no significant difference

Validating and developing TLC-based fingerprinting for Curcuma longa L.

Context: Curcuma longa (turmeric) is extensively cultivated as spices and herbal medicines in tropical and sub-tropical countries. Geographical origin is known to significantly determine the quality of the herbs used and, consequently, the safety and efficacy of their products. Aims: To validate and develop TLC-fingerprint combined with chemometrics to differentiate C. longa collected from various origins. Methods: Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) was employed together with chemometric methods, i.e., Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA), to evaluate the quality of C. longa rhizomes collected from nine origins in Indonesia. Results: Chloroform, dichloromethane, and ethanol (64:64:1) were a suitable mobile phase for C. longa. The method used met the requirements for a stable and precise TLC system. As analyzed by the chemometric techniques, the TLC-fingerprints could discriminate C. longa from various origins. The PCA score plot of the first two principal components (PCs) and CA clearly distinguished two clusters of simples. Conclusions: When combined with PCA and CA, TLC-fingerprinting can discern the rhizomes of C. longa sourced from various locations. TLCfingerprints that are analyzed with chemometrics can be used as an alternative marker-oriented method for evaluating the quality of C. longa

Standardization of a Crude Drug Moringa oleifera Leaf from Africa, India and Local (Indonesian) which Cultivated in Bojonegoro Indonesia

Purpose: The research was to determine specific parameters (macroscopy and microscopy) and non-specific parameters (loss on drying, total ash content, acid insoluble ash content, water-soluble extractive matter, ethanol-soluble extractive matter), heavy metal contaminant (Pb, Hg, As, Cu) and microbial contaminant (Total Plate Count and Total Yeast Mold). Research also determined a total flavonoid of M. oleifera leaf. Methodology: The method carried out according to the procedure stated in the Materia Medika Indonesia 5 th edition. Methods to detection Contaminants were referred to WHO guidelines for assessing the quality of herbal medicines. The determination of total flavonoid was performed by spectroscopic method. Results: Crude drug of M. oleifera leaf meet the specific parameters (macroscopy and microscopy). Nonspecific parameters of Africa, India, Local M. oleifera leaf shows that loss on drying (8.06 ± 0.03; 8.89 ± 0.31; 7.56 ± 0.17) %, total ash content (8.64 ± 0.43; 10.64 ± 0.90; 15.31 ± 0.87) %, acid insoluble ash content (0.56 ± 0.08; 0.35 ± 0.01; 0.36 ± 0.06)%, water-soluble extractive matter (21.38 ± 1.39; 30.12 ± 2.06; 12.68 ± 1.12) %, ethanol-soluble extractive matter (39.37 ± 1.51; 27.74 ± 2.44; 27.09 ± 1.43)%, contaminant test including heavy metal contaminant shows that Pb, Cd, As and Hg were not to be detected. Microbial contaminant (Total Plate Count and Total Yeast Mold) under limits of WHO standart. Total flavonoid content of Africa, India, Local M. oleifera leaf were 8.12 ± 0.52 mg/ 100 mg QE; 10.69 ± 0.15 mg/ 100 mg QE dan 13.08 ± 0.08 mg/ 100 mg QE respectively. Conclusion: Moringa Leaves meet specific parameters (macroscopy and microscopy test). Non-specific parameter tests of Africa, India, Local Moringa Leaf shows that loss on drying, acid insoluble ash content, water-soluble extractive matter, ethanol-soluble extractive matter, contaminant test including heavy metal contaminant shows that (Pb, Cd, As and Hg) and microbial contaminant (Total Plate Count and Total Yeast Mold) meet the standard required, only total ash content did not meet the standard. Total Flavonoid content shows that the extract of M. oleifera from local (Indonesia) variety is higher than others. Keyword: M. oleifera leaf, Standardization, Crude Dru

Formulasi Granul Minuman Fungsional Kombinasi Ekstrak Etanol Daun Jambu Biji (Psidium guajava) dan Ekstrak Etanol Biji Klabet (Trigonella foenum-graecum)

Minuman fungsional diharapkan dapat memberikan manfaat kesehatan diantaranya meningkatkan imunitas, membantu pencernaan, menurunkan kolesterol, mengandung serat tinggi, dan dapat menurunkan kadar gula. Daun jambu biji dan biji klabet berpotensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi minuman fungsinal terutama karena aktivitas antioksidannya yang tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan formula terbaik granul minuman fungsional kombinasi ekstrak etanol daun jambu biji dengan ekstrak etanol biji klabet yang memenuhi spesifikasi dan diterima oleh panelis pada pegujian hedonik. Granul minuman fungsional dibuat dalam empat formula dengan berbagai rasio ekstrak etanol daun jambu biji dibanding ekstrak etanol biji klabet, yaitu: Formula I (3%:0%), Formula II (3%:1%), Formula III (3%:2%), dan Formula IV (3%:3%). Granul diformulasi dengan metode granulasi basah, kemudian dievaluasi karakteristik fisiknya. Hasil uji karakteristik fisik granul menunjukkan rerata kandungan lembab 1,35-1,81%; fines 2,36-6,26%; kecepatan alir 6,99-8,92 g/detik; sudut istirahat 31,60-34,70°; indeks kompresibilitas 17,38-20,42%; rasio Hausner 1,21-1,25. Uji hedonik menunjukkan rerata skor parameter warna (3,32-3,76), bau (3,32-4,00), dan rasa (3,60-4,32). Formula terbaik yang memenuhi spesifikasi dan paling diterima oleh panelis pada pegujian hedonik adalah formula IV

Peningkatan Produktivitas Petani Dalam Pengolahan Jeruk Nipis Menjadi Produk Minuman Kesehatan Dan Sabun

Kurangnya pengetahuan dan ketrampilan petani jeruk nipis dalam pengolahan produk berbahan jeruk nipis, menjadi permasalahan ketika panen melimpah. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk membantu para petani jeruk nipis dalam meningkatkan kapasitas dan kualitas serta nilai jual jeruk nipis melalui pembuatan modul, pelatihan pembuatan minuman kesehatan dan sabun cuci tangan berbahan dasar jeruk nipis serta pendampingan selama program pengabdian. Dari kegiatan yang dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa penguasaan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan dalam mengolah jeruk nipis dapat meningkatkan produktivitas petani

Standardization of Phyllanthus niruri and Sonchus arvensis as Components of Scientific Jamu

Saintifikasi Jamu, or the scientific investigation of Jamu, is an evidence-based process to ensure the safety and efficacy of herbal medicine through health service research. Jamu has been empirically explored as a composition of various crude drugs, hence called as Scientific Jamu. Phyllanthus niruri and Sonchus arvensis are two of the 30 medicinal plants processed into Scientific Jamu. Components of the Scientific Jamu are standardized to ensure that these materials meet the predefined quality. This study was aimed to determine the specific parameters (macroscopic, microscopic, total flavonoid content, water-soluble extract content, and ethanol-soluble extract content) and non-specific parameters (loss on drying, total ash content, and acid insoluble ash content) of Phyllanthus niruri and Sonchus arvensis collected from Batu, Tawangmangu, and Bogor. The methods of the determination referred to the Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopoeia 1st Edition (2008). The results showed that Phyllanthus niruri and Sonchus arvensis from the three places did not meet the standard requirement

COVID-19 EDUCATION TO THE COMMUNITY IN SENTRA KELOR VILLAGE, BOGO

Abstrak: Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) adalah penyakit pernapasan menular yang disebabkan oleh jenis virus corona baru yaitu severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Pengetahuan masyarakat terkait COVID-19 belum sepenuhnya baik. Di awal tahun 2020 terutama, banyak masyarakat yang menganggap bahwa virus ini tidak berbahaya dan biasa saja. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman yang benar terkait COVID-19 dan pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam menghasilkan produk minuman instan peningkat imunitas di masa pandemi di Desa Sentra Kelor Bogo, Bojonegoro. Program pengabdian masyarakat yang dilakukan meliputi penyuluhan terkait fakta dan hoax seputar COVID-19, pelatihan cara cuci tangan sebagai bagian dari PHBS (Perilaku Hidup Bersih Sehat) sesuai dengan WHO, pengadaan wastafel portable dan pelatihan pembuatan JAMU instan peningkat imunitas. Serangkaian kegiatan tersebut mendapatkan respon yang baik dari masyarakat yang ditandai dengan peningkatan pemahaman Mitra terkait COVID-19 (rerata nilai pre test 60 dan post test 80) dan keberhasilan Mitra dalam produksi minuman instan kunyit asam kelor dan jahe kelor sebagai peningkat imunitas di masa pandemi di Desa Sentra Kelor Bogo, Bojonegoro.Abstract: Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is an infectious respiratory disease caused by a new type of coronavirus, namely severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Public knowledge regarding COVID-19 is not entirely good. At the beginning of 2020 especially, many people think that this virus is harmless. This activity aims to provide an understanding of COVID-19 and community empowerment in producing herbal instant drink products during the pandemic in Sentra Kelor Village, Bogo, Bojonegoro. The community service programs carried out included education about facts and hoaxes about COVID-19, training on washing hands as part of Healthy Life Behavior by WHO, providing portable sinks, and training on making instant herbal drinks (JAMU). The series of activities received a good response from the community. The knowledge about COVID-19 (pre test 60 and post test 80) has been improved and resulted in instant herbal drinks based on turmeric, moringa, tamarind, and moringa ginger

Study Effect of Storage Temperature and Packaging Methods on Physical Characteristics of Gelatin-Based Moringa Leaf Extract Chewable Gummy

Moringa leaf extract potential to develop into nutraceutical products like chewable gummy because it contains the high activity of antioxidants. The optimal chewable gummy formula of Moringa leaf extract chewable gummy was obtained by using a 10% gelatin concentration. However, the storage temperature and packaging methods are not optimized yet. This study aimed to optimize the effect of storage temperature (the cool temperature (8-15°C) and the controlled room temperature (15-30°C)), packaging method (individual package and packing together in a squeezable bag), and the interaction of these factors on the physical characteristics of the prepared chewable gummy. A factorial randomized control trial was applied in this study to evaluate the effect of storage temperature and packaging methods on the critical parameters of chewable gummy such as dispersion time, swelling ratio, and syneresis. The chewable gummies that were placed at controlled room temperature exhibited undesirable characteristics during storage such as alteration in chewable gummy dimension, higher swelling ratio (1.17-1.37%), and higher syneresis percentage (0.64-0.69%) compared to the cool temperature. There was an increase in hardness and decrease in chewiness and gumminess for the chewable gummy stored at controlled room temperature for both packaging conditions. From these results, it can be summarized that the storage temperature significantly influences the physical characteristics of Moringa leaf extract chewable gummy. The cool temperature (8-15°C) was recommended storage temperature to exhibit desired physical characteristics of chewable gummy. Moreover, these two factors' packaging methods and the interaction of temperature and packaging methods exhibited the same physical characteristics of chewable gummies during storage