Islam Progresif dalam Gerakan Sosial Dawam Rahardjo (1942-2016)

The phenomenon of poverty and injustice that continues until now, making a lot of Muslim figures to think again about Islamic thought. The Indonesian Islamic figure, one of the serious discussions of this issue is M. Dawam Rahardjo—for instance, we called Dawam. Based on the problem, this study focuses on the concept of thinking and implementation of Progressive Islam Dawam by reviewing, analyze, and discussing his work with a historical sociological approach. This research is descriptive-analytical with the qualitative method which is reinforced through in-depth interview. The results show that Dawam’s thought is part of Progressive Islam. He accepted the reality of the modern world, such as pluralism, liberalism, and secularism, then embraced all three in the strengthening of religiosity in society. Dawam is one of the Islamic leaders who have contributed to social change. Implementation can be seen from various works that concern Islamic renewal and community empowerment. His attitude and behavior can be seen in the institutions he leads—LSAF (Lembaga Studi Agama dan Filsafat) and LP3ES (Lembaga Penelitian, Pendidikan dan Penerangan Ekonomi dan Sosial). His criticism of the unjust political-economic order, accompanied by various solutions offered. Dawam’s idea in stemming the economic system that harms small people is the concept of cooperative development. Dawam chose the path of civil society and avoided political pragmatism. According to him, the Islamic struggle in the political path only tends to exploit religion for sectarian interests.Fenomena kemiskinan dan ketidakadilan yang masih berlanjut hingga saat ini, membuat banyak tokoh muslim berpikir ulang mengenai pemikiran keislaman. Tokoh Islam Indonesia, salah satu yang serius membincang persoalan ini adalah M. Dawam Rahardjo—selanjutnya Dawam. Berdasarkan soal tersebut, kajian ini fokus pada konsep pemikiran dan implementasi Islam Progresif Dawam dengan menelaah, mengkaji, dan membahas karyanya dengan pendekatan historissosiologis. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif-analitis dengan metode kualitatif yang diperkuat melalui wawancara mendalam. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa pemikiran Dawam bagian dari Islam Progresif. Ia menerima kenyataan dunia modern, seperti pluralisme, liberalisme, dan sekularisme, kemudian merengkuh ketiganya dalam penguatan keberagamaan di masyarakat. Dawam adalah salah satu tokoh Islam  yang memiliki andil dalam perubahan sosial. Implementasinya bisa dilihat dari berbagai karya yang concern pada pembaharuan Islam dan pemberdayaan masyarakat. Sikap dan perilakunya, dapat dilihat dalam lembaga yang ia pimpin—LSAF (Lembaga Studi Agama dan Filsafat) dan LP3ES (Lembaga Penelitian, Pendidikan dan Penerangan Ekonomi dan Sosial). Kritiknya atas tatanan ekonomi politik yang tidak adil, diiringi dengan berbagai solusi yang ditawarkan. Gagasan Dawam dalam membendung sistem ekonomi yang merugikan rakyat kecil adalah konsep pembangunan koperasi. Dawam milih jalur civil society, dan menghindari pragmatisme politik. Menurutnya, perjuangan keislaman di jalur politik hanya cenderung mengeksploitasi agama untuk kepentingan sektarian

Experimental demonstration of linear and spinning Janus dipoles for polarisation and wavelength selective near-field coupling

The electromagnetic field scattered by nano-objects contains a broad range of wave vectors and can be efficiently coupled to waveguided modes. The dominant contribution to scattering from subwavelength dielectric and plasmonic nanoparticles is determined by electric and magnetic dipolar responses. Here, we experimentally demonstrate spectral and phase selective excitation of Janus dipoles, sources with electric and magnetic dipoles oscillating out of phase, in order to control near-field interference and directional coupling to waveguides. We show that by controlling the polarisation state of the dipolar excitations and the excitation wavelength to adjust their relative contributions, directionality and coupling strength can be fully tuned. Furthermore, we introduce a novel spinning Janus dipole featuring cylindrical symmetry in the near and far field, which results in either omnidirectional coupling or noncoupling. Controlling the propagation of guided light waves via fast and robust near-field interference between polarisation components of a source is required in many applications in nanophotonics and quantum optics

An all-solid-state laser source at 671 nm for cold atom experiments with lithium

We present an all solid-state narrow line-width laser source emitting $670\,\mathrm{mW}$ output power at $671\,\mathrm{nm}$ delivered in a diffraction-limited beam. The \linebreak source is based on a fre-quency-doubled diode-end-linebreak pumped ring laser operating on the ${^4F}_{3/2} \rightarrow {^4I}_{13/2}$ transition in Nd:YVO$_4$. By using periodically-poled po-tassium titanyl phosphate (ppKTP) in an external build-up cavity, doubling efficiencies of up to 86% are obtained. Tunability of the source over $100\,\rm GHz$ is accomplished. We demonstrate the suitability of this robust frequency-stabilized light source for laser cooling of lithium atoms. Finally a simplified design based on intra-cavity doubling is described and first results are presented

Large atom number dual-species magneto-optical trap for fermionic 6Li and 40K atoms

We present the design, implementation and characterization of a dual-species magneto-optical trap (MOT) for fermionic 6Li and 40K atoms with large atom numbers. The MOT simultaneously contains 5.2x10^9 6Li-atoms and 8.0x10^9 40K-atoms, which are continuously loaded by a Zeeman slower for 6Li and a 2D-MOT for 40K. The atom sources induce capture rates of 1.2x10^9 6Li-atoms/s and 1.4x10^9 40K-atoms/s. Trap losses due to light-induced interspecies collisions of ~65% were observed and could be minimized to ~10% by using low magnetic field gradients and low light powers in the repumping light of both atomic species. The described system represents the starting point for the production of a large-atom number quantum degenerate Fermi-Fermi mixture

Protecting Electricity Networks from Natural Hazards

This handbook supports OSCE participating States in better protecting critical electrical energy infrastructure from natural hazards. By providing risk management options, tools and case studies, it is designed as a guide for policy-makers, state authorities, transmission networks operators and regulators in charge of protecting energy networks. In recent years the risk of supra-national power blackouts in the OSCE area causing significant economic losses has increased. One contributing factor is that extreme weather conditions occur more frequently. Another is an increased connectivity of power and telecommunication infrastructures and a higher technical complexity of the grid due to a changing energy mix, leaving industrial and commercial companies, the public and the private sector at risk

Genes related to mitochondrial functions are differentially expressed in phosphine-resistant and -susceptible Tribolium castaneum

Background: Phosphine is a valuable fumigant to control pest populations in stored grains and grain products. However, recent studies indicate a substantial increase in phosphine resistance in stored product pests worldwide.Results: To understand the molecular bases of phosphine resistance in insects, we used RNA-Seq to compare gene expression in phosphine-resistant and susceptible laboratory populations of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. Each population was evaluated as either phosphine-exposed or no phosphine (untreated controls) in triplicate biological replicates (12 samples total). Pairwise analysis indicated there were eight genes differentially expressed between susceptible and resistant insects not exposed to phosphine (i.e., basal expression) or those exposed to phopshine (>8-fold expression and 90 % C.I.). However, 214 genes were differentially expressed among all four treatment groups at a statistically significant level (ANOVA, p < 0.05). Increased expression of 44 cytochrome P450 genes was found in resistant vs. susceptible insects, and phosphine exposure resulted in additional increases of 21 of these genes, five of which were significant among all treatment groups (p < 0.05). Expression of two genes encoding anti-diruetic peptide was 2- to 8-fold reduced in phosphine-resistant insects, and when exposed to phosphine, expression was further reduced 36- to 500-fold compared to susceptible. Phosphine-resistant insects also displayed differential expression of cuticle, carbohydrate, protease, transporter, and many mitochondrial genes, among others. Gene ontology terms associated with mitochondrial functions (oxidation biological processes, monooxygenase and catalytic molecular functions, and iron, heme, and tetrapyyrole binding) were enriched in the significantly differentially expressed dataset. Sequence polymorphism was found in transcripts encoding a known phosphine resistance gene, dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, in both susceptible and resistant insects. Phosphine-resistant adults also were resistant to knockdown by the pyrethroid deltamethrin, likely due to the increased cytochrome P450 expression.Conclusions: Overall, genes associated with the mitochondria were differentially expressed in resistant insects, and these differences may contribute to a reduction in overall metabolism and energy production and/or compensation in resistant insects. These data provide the first gene expression data on the response of phosphine-resistant and -susceptible insects to phosphine exposure, and demonstrate that RNA-Seq is a valuable tool to examine differences in insects that respond differentially to environmental stimuli.Peer reviewedEntomology and Plant Patholog

Universal prethermal dynamics of Bose gases quenched to unitarity.

Understanding strongly correlated phases of matter, such as the quark-gluon plasma and neutron stars, and in particular the dynamics of such systems, for example, following a Hamiltonian quench (a sudden change in some Hamiltonian parameter, such as the strength of interparticle interactions) is a fundamental challenge in modern physics. Ultracold atomic gases are excellent quantum simulators for these problems, owing to their tunable interparticle interactions and experimentally resolvable intrinsic timescales. In particular, they provide access to the unitary regime, in which the interactions are as strong as allowed by quantum mechanics. This regime has been extensively studied in Fermi gases1,2. The less-explored unitary Bose gases3-11 offer possibilities12 such as universal physics controlled solely by the gas density13,14 and new forms of superfluidity15-17. Here, through momentum- and time-resolved studies, we explore degenerate and thermal homogeneous Bose gases quenched to unitarity. In degenerate samples, we observe universal post-quench dynamics in agreement with the emergence of a prethermal state18-24 with a universal non-zero condensed fraction22,24. In thermal gases, the dynamic and thermodynamic properties generally depend on the gas density and the temperature, but we find that they can still be expressed in terms of universal dimensionless functions. Surprisingly, we find that the total quench-induced correlation energy is independent of the gas temperature. These measurements provide quantitative benchmarks and challenges for the theory of unitary Bose gases