80 research outputs found
Evidence from the Special Relativity and Blackbody Radiation Theories for the Existence of Photons Possessing Zero Kinetic Energy
The traditional interpretation of radiative emission and absorption asserts
that photons are created and annihilated in such processes. A Gedanken
experiment is considered in which kinetic energy from observed photons is
systematically removed until a limit of zero is reached. With the help of the
relativistic Doppler effect it is shown that even for infinitesimally small
kinetic energies the photons continue to exist, since in other inertial systems
they will be observed to have a much higher energy/frequency falling in an
easily detectable range. It is possible to formulate an alternative explanation
for absorption and emission processes on this basis in terms of real photons
with exactly zero kinetic energy being present before or after radiative
interactions. Bolstering this hypothesis is the fact that the statistical
mechanical treatment of photons interacting with oscillators in blackbody
radiation theory predicts an infinite density of photons of this energy, both
in the original Planck formulation employing Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics and
in the subsequent Bose-Einstein description. These considerations demonstrate
that the E = 0 state is greatly preferred as the product of absorption because
of the requirement to have the interaction occur in a relatively narrow region
of space- time. There is thus strong evidence that photons are not created and
annihilated in radiative processes but simply have their kinetic energy changed
either to or from a zero value. Accordingly a very high density of zero-energy
photons is expected to exist uniformly throughout the universe. Finally, this
development suggests that one should subject the creation-annihilation
hypothesis to careful scrutiny in other areas of physics as well.Comment: 26 pages, 2 figure
Stability of Gravitational and Electromagnetic Geons
Recent work on gravitational geons is extended to examine the stability
properties of gravitational and electromagnetic geon constructs. All types of
geons must possess the property of regularity, self-consistency and
quasi-stability on a time-scale much longer than the period of the comprising
waves. Standard perturbation theory, modified to accommodate time-averaged
fields, is used to test the requirement of quasi-stability. It is found that
the modified perturbation theory results in an internal inconsistency. The
time-scale of evolution is found to be of the same order in magnitude as the
period of the comprising waves. This contradicts the requirement of slow
evolution. Thus not all of the requirements for the existence of
electromagnetic or gravitational geons are met though perturbation theory. From
this result it cannot be concluded that an electromagnetic or a gravitational
geon is a viable entity. The broader implications of the result are discussed
with particular reference to the problem of gravitational energy.Comment: 40 pages, 5 EPS figures, uses overcite.st
Fast and reasonable Installation, Experience and Acceptance of a Remote Control Room
Remote control systems are becoming more and more important to give us the
flexibility to control facilities, provide assistance and intervene in case of
problems at any time and from every place. As a global operating group CALICE
[2] with approx. 220 members worldwide is dependent on using a remote control
system for shifts and monitoring of the data taking. CALICE has at present
installed its detector at Fermilab, Chicago, where will run test beam
experiments for the next year. The components of the remote control system and
kind of use are presented here.Comment: 4 page
Weak Interactions Effect on the P-N Mass Splitting and the Principle of Equivalence
The weak interaction contribution to the proton neutron mass difference is
computed using a generalization of Cottingham's formula. When included in the
analysis of the Eotvos experiment, this contribution reduces the bound on a
possible weak interactions violation to the equivalence principle by one order
of magnitude.Comment: LaTex, 12 pages, 2 tables. A shorter version appeared in proceedings
of Zacatecas 2001 Workshop on Particles and Fields. References added, typos
correcte
Using conceptual metaphor and functional grammar to explore how language used in physics affects student learning
This paper introduces a theory about the role of language in learning
physics. The theory is developed in the context of physics students' and
physicists' talking and writing about the subject of quantum mechanics. We
found that physicists' language encodes different varieties of analogical
models through the use of grammar and conceptual metaphor. We hypothesize that
students categorize concepts into ontological categories based on the
grammatical structure of physicists' language. We also hypothesize that
students over-extend and misapply conceptual metaphors in physicists' speech
and writing. Using our theory, we will show how, in some cases, we can explain
student difficulties in quantum mechanics as difficulties with language.Comment: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. ST:PE
Magnetic operations: a little fuzzy physics?
We examine the behaviour of charged particles in homogeneous, constant and/or
oscillating magnetic fields in the non-relativistic approximation. A special
role of the geometric center of the particle trajectory is elucidated. In
quantum case it becomes a 'fuzzy point' with non-commuting coordinates, an
element of non-commutative geometry which enters into the traditional control
problems. We show that its application extends beyond the usually considered
time independent magnetic fields of the quantum Hall effect. Some simple cases
of magnetic control by oscillating fields lead to the stability maps differing
from the traditional Strutt diagram.Comment: 28 pages, 8 figure
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