モラエス ノ ニワ : 6 モラエス ノ メ : トクシマ ノ フウケイ

This paper is part of the results from the social action activities financed by the Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, and Tokushima University, 2015. The activities are mainly focused on the reevaluation by public lectures and other exhibitions of Wenceslau de Moraes 1854-1929, a Portugal naval officer and consul general who lived and died in Tokushima. This is also part of the outcomes of the Project Studies by Moraes’s Studies Group launched on July 31, 2010. The members of Moraes’s Studies Group, T. Miyazaki (English Literature, Comparative Literature), E. Ishikawa (German Literature, Comparative Literature), M. Satoh (Plant Physiology), M. Sakai (Clinical Psychology), all at the Institute of Socio-Arts and Sciences, Tokushima University, have been continuing to try to analyze Moraes’s works and to approach new facets of Moraes’s biographical aspects. Moraes was fascinated by the far-east Japan and fell in love with Ó-Yoné, who died soon after the marriage. After her death, Moraes decided to live in Tokushima, which was Ó-Yoné’s hometown. He lived with Ko-Haru, Ó-Yoné’s niece, for a while until she died from tuberculosis at the age of 21. His life until his death in Tokushima was a kind of a hermit, disregard of his fame as Consul General and Navy high-rank Officer of Portugal, and other financial merits entailed with them. Moraes published O ‟Bon-odori„ em Tokushima in 1916 after Ó-Yoné died, and Ó-Yoné é Ko-haru afterwards. In both works Moraes depicted Tokushima landscape and everyday things in general which his eyes caught through his keen sensitivity. He worshipped Japan’s unique beautiful landscape, but he was disappointed at the rapidly westernized aspects of large cities like Kobe, Osaka and Tokyo. He had been, in a sense, allured and attracted by the old and beautiful landscape through the writings by his foregoing visitors to Japan. His choice of Tokushima as his residence for his remaining days might be considered to search for the old and traditional beautiful aspects of Japan that seemed to him to be remaining in a local city like Tokushima far away from the large cities. Moraes’s sense of beauty through his eyes to Tokushima landscape may lead us Japanese to consider our identity in this now globalized society

ヘイセイ 25ネンド トクシマ ダイガク ソウゴウ カガクブ ガクブチョウ サイリョウ ケイヒ ソウゴウ カガクブ ソウセイ ケンキュウ プロジェクト ジッセン ホウコク グローバリズム ト モラエス : モラエス ガ セカイ 二 ヒロゲタ トクシマ ノ シゼン ヒト ココロ ノ サイコウチク

This report is a record of the activities in 2013 of Moraes’s Studies Group launched in July 31, 2010. The members of Moraes’s Studies Group, T. Miyazaki (English Literature, Comparative Literature), E. Ishikawa (German Literature, Comparative Literature), M. Satoh (Plant Physiology), M. Sakai (Clinical Psychology), all at the Institute of Socio-Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima, have been continuing analytical research on Moraes’s works and trying to open new facets of Moraes’s biographical aspects, including the activities of organizing exhibitions and lectures on Moraes. As the basic activities we organized and have been organizing regular meetings every month or every two months, reading Moraes’s O ‟Bon-odori„ em Tokushima, Ó-Yoné e Ko-Haru, and Relance da Alma Japonesa. Our activities are still going on and developing with the cooperation with other local groups in Tokushima and Kobe

モラエス ノ ニワ : 4 セイ エノ マナザシ シ エノ マナザシ

This paper is an essay on Moraes’s O ‟Bon-odori„ em Tokushima and Ó-Yoné e Ko-haru, part of the outcomes of the Project Studies by the activities in 2013 of Moraes’s Studies Group launched in July 31, 2010. The members of Moraes’s Studies Group, T. Miyazaki (English Literature, Comparative Literature), E. Ishikawa (German Literature, Comparative Literature), M. Satoh (Plant Physiology), M. Sakai (Clinical Psychology), all at the Institute of Socio-Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima, have been continuing to try to analyze Moraes’s works and to approach new facets of Moraes’s biographical aspects. Moraes was fascinated by the far-east Japan, and fell in love with Ó-Yoné, who died soon after the marriage. After her death Moraes decided to live in Tokushima, which was Ó-Yoné’s hometown. He lived with Ko-Haru, Ó-Yoné’s niece, for a while until she died from tuberculosis at the age of 21. His life until his death in Tokushima was a kind of hermit, disregard of his fame as Consul General and Navy high-rank Officer of Portugal, and other financial merits entailed with them. Moraes published O ‟Bon-odori„ em Tokushima in 1916 after Ó-Yoné died, and Ó-Yoné e Ko-haru afterwards. This work might be regarded as based on the forms of diary and essay, seemingly as reports from Tokushima to Bento Carqueja, editor of Comércio do Porto (Porto Commercial Newspaper) in Portugal. He consistently wrote these installment reports from Tokushima in the eyes of a stranger, putting some distance between him and the people in there. Everything seen in the eyes of Moraes wore some beautiful visional aspect because of his memory of Ó-Yoné. He expressed his thoughts on life and death throughout O ‟Bon-odori„ em Tokushima and Ó-Yoné e Ko-haru with fragmentary memories of his own as objective correlatives for the readers of his writings. This paper is based on the presentation in the Symposium at the 49^ Annual Conference of Japan Comparative Literature Association Kansai Branch held at the Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, here in Tokushima

ヴェンセスラウ・デ・モラエスの日本語会話能力 : 会話能力の検証および会話内容からみえる人物像について

A Portuguese writer Wenceslau de Moraes spent his later life in Japan since 1897; he never left Japan until 1929 when he died. It is said that his speaking ability of Japanese language was not good although he lived in Japan more than thirty years. In this study, we investigated his speaking ability of Japanese based on the written memories of those who had direct discourse with him. The records of his speech were limited to the memories of his neighbors, a Buddhist nun who regularly came to his house, and a newspaper reporter from Osaka who interviewed him. Except for the words of affirmation or denial, the word that appeared most frequently in his speech was "kawaisou” or “kinodoku” that means “pity” (“piedade” in Portuguese). “Piedade” is the important key word of his masterpiece Ó-Yoné e Ko-Haru. In the preface to the book he quoted the sentence “A litteratura do futuro será a Litteratura da piedade” from Pierre Loti’s work, and he wrote Ó-Yoné e Ko-Haru as a literature of pity. Therefore, his deep sympathy for vulnerable and oppressed existence was the propensity of his character shown in both his works and his real life. “Kawaii / kawairashii” (lovely) and “shinsetsu” (kind) are also the words he used frequently in his conversation with his neighbors. As for the grammar of Japanese language, Moraes did not seem to have mastered postpositional particles and conjugation of verbs. Two persons referred to his speaking ability of Japanese as follows: a newspaper reporter who interviewed Moraes wrote that “he speaks in simple Japanese” in his article, and a pastor who sometimes visited Moraes’s house said that “his Japanese was not good, but he spoke familiar Japanese slowly”. The reason why Moraes’s Japanese did not improve is said that he did not want to associate with intellectual people here in Tokushima. On the other hand, he greeted familiarly and often exchanged gifts with his neighbors. He pointed out that Japanese people is a pleasant neighbor in his work Relance da Alma Japoneza, and he also tried to be a good neighbor to those he knew as well. There would have been no need for a formal and complicated conversation for him for that purpose

モラエス ノ ニワ : 5 モラエス ノ チョサク ノ イチズケ ト ダイ5カイ ナイコク カンギョウ ハクランカイ

This paper and report is based on the oral presentation delivered on 29th, November 2014, as part of Symposium ‘Moraes in Kobe and Tokushima’ held at the Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Tokushima University, in Tokushima. This is also part of the outcomes of the Project Studies by the activities in 2014 of Moraes’s Studies Group launched on July 31, 2010. The members of Moraes’s Studies Group, T. Miyazaki (English Literature, Comparative Literature), E. Ishikawa (German Literature, Comparative Literature), M. Satoh (Plant Physiology), M. Sakai (Clinical Psychology), all at the Institute of Socio-Arts and Sciences, Tokushima University, have been continuing to try to analyze Moraes’s works and to explore new facets of Moraes’s biographical facts. Moraes was fascinated by the far-east Japan and fell in love with Ó-Yoné, who died young at the age of 39 in Kobe. After her death, Moraes decided to leave Kobe and live in Tokushima, which was Ó-Yoné’s hometown. He lived with Ko-Haru, Ó-Yoné’s niece, for a while until she died from tuberculosis at the age of 21. He led his life until his death in Tokushima for 16 years as a kind of hermit, neglecting his fame as the Consul General and Navy high-rank Officer of Portugal, and other financial merits entailed with the post. Though Moraes is often regarded as a kind of hermit in Tokushima, we should pay more attention to and reevaluate his aspect of a diplomat and consul in Kobe days before coming to Tokushima. He was a very able diplomat and consul, and once actively involved with the 5th National Industrial Exhibition held in 1903. In Tokushima he wrote and published O ‟Bon-odori„ em Tokushima and afterwards Ó-Yoné e Ko-haru. These works might be regarded as based on the forms of diary and essay, seemingly as reports from Tokushima to Bento Carqueja, editor of Comércio do Porto (Porto Commercial Newspaper) in Portugal. Concerning these works as such there seems to be an undercurrent of the image of garden, or paradise, which is strongly connected with the Exhibition he was concerned. In this paper, a tentative reevaluation of his works in Tokushima and the undercurrent of the image of garden related with the 5th National Industrial Exhibition he was involved with in Kobe days

ヘイセイ 26ネンド トクシマ ダイガク ソウゴウ カガクブ ブキョクチョウ サイリョウ ケイヒ ソウゴウ カガクブ ソウセイ ケンキュウ プロジェクト ジッセン ホウコク グローバリズム ト モラエス : モラエス ガ セカイ 二 ヒロゲタ トクシマ ノ シゼン ヒト ココロ ノ サイコウチク

This report is a record of the activities in 2014 of Moraes’s Studies Group launched on July 31, 2010. The members of Moraes’s Studies Group, Takayoshi Miyazaki (English Literature, Comparative Literature), Eisaku Ishikawa (German Literature, Comparative Literature), Masaya Satoh (Plant Physiology), Mtohiro Sakai (Clinical Psychology), all at the Institute of Socio-Arts and Sciences, Tokushima University, have been continuing analytical research on Moraes’s works and trying to open new facets of Moraes’s biographical aspects, including the activities of organizing exhibitions and lectures on Moraes. As the basic activities we organized and have been organizing regular meetings every month or every two months, having read Moraes’s O ‟Bon-odori„ em Tokushima, Ó-Yoné e Ko-Haru, and now reading Relance da Alma Japonesa. Our activities are still going on and developing with the cooperation with other local groups in Tokushima and Kobe, and also developing by visiting Leiria, Coimbra and Lisbon in Portugal in March 2015

A Report of the Project Studies in 2016 : Regional revitalization project through W. de Moraes

　This report is a record of the social action activities of Moraes Studies of Tokushima University between April 2016 and March 2017 financed by the Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Tokushima University. Moraes Studies Group, launched on July 31, 2010, the members of which are Takayoshi Miyazaki (English Literature, Comparative Literature), Eisaku Ishikawa (German Literature, Comparative Literature), Masaya Satoh (Plant Physiology), Mtohiro Sakai (Clinical Psychology), all in that time at the Institute of Socio-Arts and Sciences, Tokushima University, has been continuing analytical research on Moraes’s works and trying to open new facets of Moraes’s biographical aspects, along with the social action activities of organizing exhibitions and lectures on Moraes with other related groups in Tokushima. 　As the basic activities, we held regular meetings nine times during that time, and we read and discussed the Moraes’s last work “Relance da Alma Japonesa”. We also held two regional revitalization events, one was a lecture on Fado entitled “Fado and Amália Rodorigues” with Prof. Mauro Neves as a guest lecturer, and the other was the cinema viewing party of “A Ilha dos Amores”, which is the movie about Moraes’s life, with Yoko Otake as a guest speaker. She was a secretary of the producer of this movie, and she told about many interesting episodes in producing the movie in Japan and in here Tokushima

ヘイセイ 27ネンド トクシマ ダイガク ソウゴウ カガクブ ブキョクチョウ サイリョウ ケイヒ ソウゴウ カガクブ ソウセイ ケンキュウ プロジェクト ジッセン ホウコク グローバリズム ト モラエス : モラエス ガ セカイ ニ ヒロゲタ トクシマ ノ シゼン ヒト ココロ ノ サイコウチク

This report is a record of the social action activities in 2015 of W. de Moraes financed by the Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Tokushima University. Moraes’s Studies Group, launched on July 31, 2010, the members of which are Takayoshi Miyazaki (English Literature, Comparative Literature), Eisaku Ishikawa (German Literature, Comparative Literature), Masaya Satoh (Plant Physiology), Mtohiro Sakai (Clinical Psychology), all at the Institute of Socio-Arts and Sciences, Tokushima University, has been continuing analytical research on Moraes’s works and trying to open new facets of Moraes’s biographical aspects, including the social action activities of organizing exhibitions and lectures on Moraes with other groups in Tokushima. As the basic activities, we have been organizing regular meetings every month or every two months, and have read Moraes’s O ‟Bon-odori„ em Tokushima, Ó-Yoné e Ko-Haru, and we are now reading Relance da Alma Japonesa. Our activities are further developing with the cooperation with other local groups in Tokushima, Kobe, Osaka and Tokyo; and also gaining connections with Portugal, after visiting Leiria, Coimbra and Lisbon in Portugal in March 2015

モラエス ノ ミッツ ノ エハガキ ショカンシュウ : エハガキ ショカン カラ ミエル モラエス ノ セイカツケン リョコウ シンコウ ニツイテ

Portuguese writer Wenceslau de Moraes sent a large amount of picture postcards to Portugal from Japan. 609 of them were donated to Tokushima city in 1989, and they are stored in the Moraes Museum located at the summit of Mt. Bizan. They were published as “Moraes no Ehagaki-shokan” and “Moraes Ehagaki-shu I - IV” respectively in 1994 and 2004, in Japan. Independent from the collection in Tokushima, a book of picture postcard-collection entitled "Permanências e Errâncias no Japão" was published from Fundação Oriente in 2004 in Portugal. In this paper, we characterized these books and summarized the data of the picture postcards concerning his living areas and tourist resorts where he visited. He was outing vigorously to famous temples, shrines, and tourist resorts in holiday while he lived in Kobe. However, such opportunity extremely reduced after he moved to Tokushima when he started a cloistered life. Although Buddhism gave a significant impact on his religious piety, that is able to be understood from his writings, his feeling to Shinto has been obscured. However, some picture postcards revealed his attraction to Shinto. There is a Moraes's photo that was taken at a waterfall when he lived in Kobe. The place is often explained as “Nunobiki-no-taki (Kobe Nunobiki Waterfall)”, but we found that the it was the “Tsutsumi-ga-taki” at Arima, now it is called “Tsuzumigataki Waterfall” in the Tsuzumigataki Park in Arima, Kobe

ポルトガル ノ タイシュウシ CIVILIZAÇÃO ガ 1930ネン 1ガツゴウ デ ツタエタ モラエス ノ ハカ コクベツシキ カレ ノ ヘヤ ニ カンスル キジ ニツイテ

Portuguese popular magazine “CIVILIZAÇÃO” published an article of the tomb, funeral, and rooms of Wenceslau de Moraes in the January 1930 issue after about half a year when he died at his house in Tokushima on July 1, 1929. This article has not been introduced to Japan. Even though it is short, we can understand high evaluation of him in Portugal. Furthermore, it contains seven photos; four of them have not been published in any Japanese documents. These photos, three are of his rooms and one is taken at the funeral, tell us Moraes’s life vividly with new findings about his belongings and acquaintanceship