CO2 storage potential of basaltic rocks in Iceland and the oceanic ridges

AbstractIceland is the largest landmass found above sea level at the mid-ocean ridges, about 103,000 km2 mostly made of basaltic rocks (∼90%). Theoretically much of Iceland could be used for injection of CO2, fully dissolved in water. Most of the pore space in the older rocks is filled with secondary minerals, thus the young and porous basaltic formations, found within the active rift zone and covering about one third of Iceland, are the most feasible for carbon storage onshore.Studies on mineral storage of CO2 in basaltic rocks are still at an early stage. Therefore, natural analogues are important for gaining a better understanding of CO2 fixation in basaltic rocks. Volcanic geothermal systems serve as an applicable analogue since the systems receive considerable amounts of CO2 from magma in the roots of the systems. Wiese et al. [1] quantified the amount and spatial distribution of CO2 stored as calcite within the bedrock of three active geothermal systems in Iceland. The results from this study reveal a large storage potential of basaltic rocks and can be used as a guideline for the theoretical potential of CO2 storage in basaltic formations. The largest storage potential lies offshore, with long-term advantages for safe and secure CO2 storage in the mid-ocean ridges. The theoretical mineral CO2 storage capacity of the ocean ridges, using the Icelandic analogue, is orders of magnitude larger than the anticipated release of CO2 caused by burning of all fossil fuel on Earth

Publisher Correction: Genetic tool development in marine protists: emerging model organisms for experimental cell biology.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper

Genetic tool development in marine protists: emerging model organisms for experimental cell biology

Abstract: Diverse microbial ecosystems underpin life in the sea. Among these microbes are many unicellular eukaryotes that span the diversity of the eukaryotic tree of life. However, genetic tractability has been limited to a few species, which do not represent eukaryotic diversity or environmentally relevant taxa. Here, we report on the development of genetic tools in a range of protists primarily from marine environments. We present evidence for foreign DNA delivery and expression in 13 species never before transformed and for advancement of tools for eight other species, as well as potential reasons for why transformation of yet another 17 species tested was not achieved. Our resource in genetic manipulation will provide insights into the ancestral eukaryotic lifeforms, general eukaryote cell biology, protein diversification and the evolution of cellular pathways

Genetic tool development in marine protists: emerging model organisms for experimental cell biology

Abstract: Diverse microbial ecosystems underpin life in the sea. Among these microbes are many unicellular eukaryotes that span the diversity of the eukaryotic tree of life. However, genetic tractability has been limited to a few species, which do not represent eukaryotic diversity or environmentally relevant taxa. Here, we report on the development of genetic tools in a range of protists primarily from marine environments. We present evidence for foreign DNA delivery and expression in 13 species never before transformed and for advancement of tools for eight other species, as well as potential reasons for why transformation of yet another 17 species tested was not achieved. Our resource in genetic manipulation will provide insights into the ancestral eukaryotic lifeforms, general eukaryote cell biology, protein diversification and the evolution of cellular pathways

Increasing frailty is associated with higher prevalence and reduced recognition of delirium in older hospitalised inpatients: results of a multi-centre study

Purpose: Delirium is a neuropsychiatric disorder delineated by an acute change in cognition, attention, and consciousness. It is common, particularly in older adults, but poorly recognised. Frailty is the accumulation of deficits conferring an increased risk of adverse outcomes. We set out to determine how severity of frailty, as measured using the CFS, affected delirium rates, and recognition in hospitalised older people in the United Kingdom. Methods: Adults over 65 years were included in an observational multi-centre audit across UK hospitals, two prospective rounds, and one retrospective note review. Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), delirium status, and 30-day outcomes were recorded. Results: The overall prevalence of delirium was 16.3% (483). Patients with delirium were more frail than patients without delirium (median CFS 6 vs 4). The risk of delirium was greater with increasing frailty [OR 2.9 (1.8–4.6) in CFS 4 vs 1–3; OR 12.4 (6.2–24.5) in CFS 8 vs 1–3]. Higher CFS was associated with reduced recognition of delirium (OR of 0.7 (0.3–1.9) in CFS 4 compared to 0.2 (0.1–0.7) in CFS 8). These risks were both independent of age and dementia. Conclusion: We have demonstrated an incremental increase in risk of delirium with increasing frailty. This has important clinical implications, suggesting that frailty may provide a more nuanced measure of vulnerability to delirium and poor outcomes. However, the most frail patients are least likely to have their delirium diagnosed and there is a significant lack of research into the underlying pathophysiology of both of these common geriatric syndromes

PATIENTERS UPPLEVELSER AV ATT VÅRDAS I FLERBÄDDSSALAR En systematisk litteraturstudie

Bakgrund På de flesta vårdenheter existerar det flerbäddssalar. I tidigare forskning framkommer det att sjuksköterskor upplever att det finns både fördelar och nackdelar av att vårda i flerbäddssalar respektive enkelsalar. Patienter som vårdas i en enkelsalar beskriver att bakgrund och anledning till sjukhusbesöket spelar in om patienten trivs eller upplever negativ ensamhet. Ensamhet och gemenskap påverkar patienters upplevelser av vården där miljön har inverkan på patienters hälsa.  Syfte Att beskriva patienters upplevelser av att vårdas i flerbäddssalar på olika vårdenheter.  Metod En systematisk litteraturstudie med kvalitativ ansats.   Resultat I resultatet framkom två teman. Det första temat innefattar gemenskap med subtemat samhörighet och ett andra subtema trygghet. Det andra temat innefattar utsatthet och har tre subteman, frustration, kränkt integritet samt oro.  Slutsats Negativa och positiva upplevelser av att vårdas i en flerbäddssal går inte att väga för eller mot varandra i vad som medför god vård för den enskilda patienten. Varje patient är unik och borde få möjlighet till att påverka valet av vilken utformning av rum patienterna vill vårdas i.

Time - The one equal factor in life : An interview study about how white collars experience borderless work

Det gränslösa arbetet har kommit att prägla arbetslivet allt mer och innebär en ökad flexibilitet för individen gällande när, var och hur arbete utförs. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka vilka för- och nackdelar individer upplever med det gränslösa arbetet samt hur de hanterar det. Vidare har även studien undersökt hur det gränslösa arbetet påverkar individernas välbefinnande. Studien är genomförd på åtta tjänstemän på ett kunskapsintensivt företag via kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer. Individualiseringsteorin och krav-kontroll-stöd har tillsammans med tidigare forskning inom området använts för att förklara upplevelsen av det gränslösa arbetslivet. Studien visar att det gränslösa arbetet möjliggör en stor frihet i respondenternas flexibla arbetsform genom att de kan styra när och var man vill arbeta, samt att de lättare kan kombinera arbetsliv och privatliv vilket de anser är positivt. Det gränslösa arbetet medför dock en diffus arbetssituation som bland annat innebär otydliga förväntningar gällande tillgänglighet, vilket upplevs tämligen problematiskt. Vidare framkommer det att respondenterna har en hög arbetsbelastning som bidrar till att de arbetar mycket utöver ordinarie arbetstid. Respondenterna använder sig av olika strategier för att hantera sitt gränslösa arbete då vissa har ett större behov av att göra en åtskillnad mellan arbete och privatliv än andra. Överlag så upplever respondenterna att de mår bra i sin gränslösa arbetssituation även om den till viss del innebär tendenser till stress och frustration