The Lower Ordovician Tøyen Shale succession in the Fågelsång-3 drill core, Scania, Sweden

The Ordovician Tøyen Shale Formation of the recently retrieved Fågelsång-3 drill core provides some important information on the graptolite biostratigraphy of the unit and its completeness in the region. The drill core reached downwards into the Kiaerograptus supremus Biozone of late Tremadocian age. Above a major fault zone, faunas with a number of specimens referred to Pseudophyllograptus densus are indicative of a late Dapingian age. Rare specimens of Azygograptus sp. also help constrain the age. The presence of Arienigraptus zhejiangensis indicates that the base of the Darriwilian Komstad Limestone Formation is of Levisograptus austrodentatus Biozone age. Specimens of Tetragraptus cor and Levisograptus sinicus in a shale bed within the lower part of the Komstad Limestone Formation can be referred to the upper subzone of the L. austrodentatus Biozone, the Levisograptus sinicus Subzone. This fauna represents the youngest graptolite fauna beneath the massive Komstad Limestone Formation. The Tøyen Shale Formation can be shown to be highly incomplete in Scania, possibly due to post-depositional tectonic deformation and faulting

Crinoids from the Silurian of Western Estonia

The Silurian crinoids of Estonia are re-evaluated based on new collections and museum holdings. Nineteen species-level crinoid taxa are now recognized. All crinoid names applied to Estonian Silurian crinoids during the middle 19th century are disregarded. Especially significant is the fauna reported herein from the Pridoli because coeval crinoids are very poorly known from the Baltic region and elsewhere. One new genus and four new species are described from Estonia, namely Calceocrinus balticensis sp. nov., Desmidocrinus laevigatus sp. nov., Eucalyptocrinites tumidus sp. nov., and Saaremaacrinus estoniensis gen. et sp. nov