27 research outputs found

    Lifetime evaluation of hot forged aerospace components by linking microstructural evolution and fatigue behaviour

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    AbstractThe present work aims at linking the local distribution of fatigue strength in a forged part to its manufacturing process. To this purpose, a predictive fatigue strength model for Inconel 718, also including the operating temperature, is derived from a reduced set of numerous microstructural parameters. The model is implemented, along with a microstructural evolution model from earlier work , into a finite element code in order to predict the local fatigue strength distribution in a component after being subjected to an arbitrary forging process

    Comparison between Isothermal and Non-Isothermal Fatigue Behavior in a Cast Aluminum-Silicon-Magnesium Alloy

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    Для литого алюмосиликатомагниевого сплава A356.0, широко используемого для изготовления головок цилиндров дизельных двигателей, выполнен сравнительный анализ усталостных процессов при антифазном термомеханическом нагружении, а также при малоцикловом нагружении при комнатной и повышенной температурах. Проведены изотермические и неизотермические циклические испытания с контролем деформаций и температуры, моделирующие эксплуатационные режимы нагружения головок цилиндров.Для литого алюмосилікатомагнієвого сплаву A356.0, що широко використовується для виготовлення головок циліндрів дизельних двигунів, виконано порівняльний аналіз втомних процесів при антифазному термомеханічному навантаженні та при малоцикловому навантаженні за кімнатної і підвищеної температур. Проведено ізотермічні і неізотермічні циклічні випробування з контролем деформацій і температури, що моделюють експлуатаційні режими навантаження головок циліндрів

    Combined numerical and experimental investigations on Fretting wear

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    AbstractIn mechanical engineering applications, cyclic loadings are most commonly seen. In many assemblies of moving components, contact problems under various lubrication conditions are lifetime-limiting. There, the relative motion of the contacting bodies combined with high loads transmitted via the contact surface leads to fretting fatigue and fretting wear failure. The present contribution gives first promising results within a long-term research project concerned with developing a methodological approach for the design and lifetime estimation of components under tribo-mechanical loading

    Mind the Gap - A Closer Look at the Security of Block Ciphers against Differential Cryptanalysis

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    Resistance against differential cryptanalysis is an important design criteria for any modern block cipher and most designs rely on finding some upper bound on probability of single differential characteristics. However, already at EUROCRYPT'91, Lai et al. comprehended that differential cryptanalysis rather uses differentials instead of single characteristics. In this paper, we consider exactly the gap between these two approaches and investigate this gap in the context of recent lightweight cryptographic primitives. This shows that for many recent designs like Midori, Skinny or Sparx one has to be careful as bounds from counting the number of active S-boxes only give an inaccurate evaluation of the best differential distinguishers. For several designs we found new differential distinguishers and show how this gap evolves. We found an 8-round differential distinguisher for Skinny-64 with a probability of 2−56.932−56.93, while the best single characteristic only suggests a probability of 2−722−72. Our approach is integrated into publicly available tools and can easily be used when developing new cryptographic primitives. Moreover, as differential cryptanalysis is critically dependent on the distribution over the keys for the probability of differentials, we provide experiments for some of these new differentials found, in order to confirm that our estimates for the probability are correct. While for Skinny-64 the distribution over the keys follows a Poisson distribution, as one would expect, we noticed that Speck-64 follows a bimodal distribution, and the distribution of Midori-64 suggests a large class of weak keys

    Experimental and Numerical Determination of the Local S-N Curve of Shot-Peened Steel Gears

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    Metoda badania w skali modelowej systemu trybologicznego pierścień tłokowy - tuleja cylindra silnika spalinowego

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    Rising technical standards of customers, legal requirements and the trend to minimize maintenance effort raise the thermal, mechanical and tribological loads on components of combustion engines. In this regard, emphasis is laid on improving the piston ring - cylinder liner tribosystem, one with the highest energy losses. An efficient performance has to be guaranteed during its lifetime. Tribological investigations could be carried out on engine test benches, but they are highly cost-intensive and time-consuming. Therefore, a damage-equivalent test methodology was developed with the analogous tribological model, "ring-on-liner". The research was carried out under two characteristic operating conditions. One with a "standard" operating system, modelled in line with ideal lubrication conditions, and the other "extreme abrasive" operating system, typical to a system running on a lubricant contaminated by abrasive particles. To optimize the tribological loading capacity of the cylinder liner, with focus on these two operating conditions, numerous nitride coatings have been investigated. The key aspects being seizure resistance, running-in characteristics and long term wear behaviour.Rosnące wymagania techniczne ze strony odbiorców, wymagania prawne i trend w kierunku minimalizacji wysiłku związanego z konserwacją prowadzą do wzrostu mechanicznych, termicznych i trybologicznych obciążeń elementów silników spalinowych. Z tych względów kładzie się nacisk na poprawę jakości systemu trybologicznego pierścień tłokowy - tuleja cylindra, w którym występują największe straty energii. Wydajna praca tego systemu powinna być zagwarantowana przez cały czas jego życia. Badania trybologiczne można prowadzić na stanowiskach do prób silnikowych, lecz są one bardzo kosztowne i czasochłonne. Z tego względu opracowano metodologię badań, równoważną badaniom niszczącym, przeprowadzanych na analogowym modelu trybologicznym typu "pierścień w tulei". Badania były prowadzone dla dwu charakterystycznych rodzajów warunków roboczych. Pierwszy, "standardowy" system działania, jest modelowany przy założeniu idealnych warunków smarowania; system drugi, z "ekstremalnym ścieraniem", jest typowy dla pracy w warunkach, gdy środek smarny jest zanieczyszczony cząsteczkami ściernymi. Koncentrując się na dwu wymienionych systemach działania, optymalizowano obciążalność trybologiczną tulei cylindra badając różne rodzaje pokryć azotkowych. Aspektami kluczowymi były odporność na zatarcie, charakterystyki docierania i długookresowe charakterystyki zużycia
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