Kommunale Bildungspolitik: Strukturen und Entwicklungstrends

Auf den Punkt: Kommunen begreifen sich in wachsendem Maße als gestaltende Akteure einer Bildungspolitik "vor Ort". Empirische Erkenntnisse über die Inhalte dieser Politik fehlen jedoch bislang weitgehend. Die Themen kommunaler Bildungspolitik sind vielfach durch überregionale Diskussionszusammenhänge bestimmt (bspw. Ganztagsbildung, Vernetzung Bildung/Jugendhilfe, Übergangsmanagement); es finden sich jedoch je nach lokalen Prioritäten und Bedarfen sehr unterschiedliche Schwerpunktsetzungen. Die kommunalen Initiativen werden durch Programme von Bund und Ländern flankiert. Die Kommunen erhalten durch diese Programme inhaltliche und strukturelle Impulse und nutzen sie zur Weiterentwicklung ihrer örtlichen Schwerpunkte

Solid-state NMR spectroscopic studies of 13C,15N,29Si-enriched biosilica from the marine diatom Cyclotella cryptica

Diatoms are algae producing micro- and nano-structured cell walls mainly containing amorphous silica. The shape and patterning of these cell walls is species-specific. Herein, the biosilica of Cyclotella cryptica , a centric marine diatom with a massive organic matrix, is studied. Solid-state NMR spectroscopy is applied to gain deeper insight into the interactions at the organic–inorganic interface of the cell walls. The various organic compounds like polysaccharides as well as proteins and long-chain polyamines (LCPAs) are detected by observation of heteronuclei like 13 C and 15 N whereas the silica phase is studied using 29 Si NMR spectroscopy. The sensitivity of the NMR experiments is strongly enhanced by isotope-labeling of the diatoms during cultivation with 13 C, 15 N and 29 Si. The presence of two different chitin species in the biosilica is demonstrated. This observation is supported by a monosaccharide analysis of the silica-associated organic matrix where a high amount of glucosamine is found. Moreover, the Rotational Echo Double Resonance (REDOR) experiment provides distance information for heteronuclear spins. 13 C{ 29 Si} REDOR experiments reveal proximities between different organic compounds and the silica phase. The closest contacts between silica and organic compounds appear for different signals in the 13 C-chemical shift range of 40–60 ppm, the typical range for LCPAs

Solid-state NMR spectroscopic studies of 13C,15N,29Si-enriched biosilica from the marine diatom Cyclotella cryptica

Diatoms are algae producing micro- and nano-structured cell walls mainly containing amorphous silica. The shape and patterning of these cell walls is species-specific. Herein, the biosilica of Cyclotella cryptica , a centric marine diatom with a massive organic matrix, is studied. Solid-state NMR spectroscopy is applied to gain deeper insight into the interactions at the organic–inorganic interface of the cell walls. The various organic compounds like polysaccharides as well as proteins and long-chain polyamines (LCPAs) are detected by observation of heteronuclei like 13 C and 15 N whereas the silica phase is studied using 29 Si NMR spectroscopy. The sensitivity of the NMR experiments is strongly enhanced by isotope-labeling of the diatoms during cultivation with 13 C, 15 N and 29 Si. The presence of two different chitin species in the biosilica is demonstrated. This observation is supported by a monosaccharide analysis of the silica-associated organic matrix where a high amount of glucosamine is found. Moreover, the Rotational Echo Double Resonance (REDOR) experiment provides distance information for heteronuclear spins. 13 C{ 29 Si} REDOR experiments reveal proximities between different organic compounds and the silica phase. The closest contacts between silica and organic compounds appear for different signals in the 13 C-chemical shift range of 40–60 ppm, the typical range for LCPAs