Pediatric Heart Failure Inpatient Mortality: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

BackgroundHeart failure constitutes significant morbidity and mortality among the pediatric population. Few data exist on the prevalence and mortality rate of pediatric heart failure (pHF) in the United States. ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the in-hospital mortality and the principal diagnoses in pediatric patients with heart failure who died while being hospitalized in the United States. MethodsThis is a retrospective cross-sectional study using data from the 2019 Kid Inpatient Database (KID). The KID contained data on hospitalized children below 21 years of age. Using Stata 17 software (StataCorp LLC, College Station, Texas), the data were searched for heart failure diagnoses using International Classification of Diseases 10th revision Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) codes. By using the "rank" command in Stata, the most common principal diagnoses were placed in descending order of frequency, and these were further divided into different ICD-10 code categories. ResultsThere were 16,206 pHF admissions in 2019. Of these admissions, 1,023 (6.31%) patients died. The top five principal ICD 10 code categories among all pHF deaths in descending order were circulatory system (17.95%), congenital/chromosomal abnormalities (17.43%), respiratory system (10.28%), infectious diseases (9.24%, and perinatal diseases (7.90%). Among all pHF deaths, sepsis of unspecified organisms (5.14%), hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) (3.19%), and acute respiratory failure with hypoxia (3.14%) were the most common primary diagnoses. Conclusion and significancePediatric heart failure in-hospital overall mortality is 6.31%, and sepsis of unspecified organisms, HLHS, and acute respiratory failure are the most common principal diagnoses among these children. Preventive measures and prompt treatment of infections are paramount to reducing pHF mortality

Emergency department utilization by pediatric patients with major depressive disorder: A United States national population-based study

This study aims to determine the most common reasons for emergency department (ED) visits of pediatric patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). We abstracted data from the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample. A total of 380,095 ED visits for patients aged <18 years with “any” diagnosis of MDD in 2018. Mental disorders and injuries and poisoning were the most common reasons for presentation to the ED. Among these, 166,055 had MDD as the “principal” diagnosis. MDD, suicidal ideation, anxiety, and intentional self-harm were the most common specific reasons for presentation to the ED among pediatric patients with MDD