2 research outputs found
Genetic diversity of antibiotic and plant extract resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from hospitalized patients in Ekiti State, Nigeria
This study aimed to determine the genetic diversity of antibiotics and plants extract resistant
Staphylococcus aureus using molecular technique. A total of 106 human clinical samples were
collected from patients in three different hospitals within Ekiti State. Microbiological and molecular
analyses were performed using standard methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility test with common
antibiotics and plant leaves extracts was carried out using disk and agar well diffusion methods. Urine
samples from male patients recorded a high percentage of S. aureus (57.1%) as compared to female
patients (43.1%). Percentage of S. aureus recorded from the ear swab samples in male patients (58.3%)
was also high as compared to the female (41.7%). From the nose swab samples, female patients
recorded 60% as compared to their male counterparts (40%). Equal percentage (50%) of wound infection
caused by S. aureus was observed in both male and female patients. Of the eight antibiotics used in
this study, the S. aureus isolated were susceptible to ofloxacin (25 to 36 mm), gentamycin (16 to 23 mm)
and erythromycin (11 to 25 mm). All the isolates confirmed resistance to ceftaxidime and cloxacillin.
Nine isolates were susceptible to cefuroxime with zones of inhibition that ranged from 10 to 25 mm,
while 11 were susceptible to ceftriaxone with zone of inhibition between 11 and 20 mm. Only one isolate
was sensitive to augmentin (amoxicillin/clavulanate) with zone of inhibition of 20 mm. Out of three plant
extracts used in this study, aqueous leaf extract of Terminalia catappa demonstrated highest
antibacterial activity on the test isolates with zone of inhibition of 16 to 36 mm followed by Mangifera
indica with inhibition ranging from 11 to 32 mm, while least inhibition ranging from 11 to 20 mm was
exhibited by Acalypha wikesiena. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) proved to be useful as
genetic markers in determining genetic diversity among antibiotic and plant extract resistant S. aureu
Challenges of soil- transmitted Helminthiasis in some communities in Ondo state, Nigeria
Soil- transmitted helminthiasis is a common public health challenge of developing countries. It has largely contributed in undermining the health status of people and hence jeopardized the economic development of countries concerned. This study aimed at investigating the burden of soil-transmitted helminthiasis in some selected rural communities in Ondo State Nigeria. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of human soil-transmitted helminthiasis. Stool samples were collected and processed using stool concentration - formalin-ether sedimentation method. Out of the 928 samples collected from volunteers, 149 (16.05%) were infected. The following parasites were isolated: Ascaris lumbricoides, 103(53.7%) 64(33.3%), Trichuris trichiura 17(8.9%) and Strongyloides stercoralis 8(4.17%). Among the risk factors, toilet and water resource facilities
were the major sources of transmission. The result obtained justifies the current state of the poor hygiene level in relation to the high occurrence rate of Soil-transmitted helminths among people living in rural settings