Développement et Évaluation d'une Intervention Psychologique par Internet pour les Personnes Endeuillées vivant en Suisse romande

Cette thèse représente une contribution à la compréhension de la prise en charge préventive des individus francophones confrontés à une perte significative. Ancrée dans le cadre théorique du deuil et des interventions psychologiques par Internet, cette thèse présente le développement du programme psychologique par Internet appelé LIVIA 2.0. Elle offre une évaluation exploratoire de l'impact de ce programme sur les symptômes psychopathologiques et les stratégies d'adaptation (coping), ainsi qu'une réflexion autour du taux d'attrition, tout en explorant les facteurs qui prédisent l'évolution positive une évolution positive à la fois sur le plan des symptômes et des stratégies de coping. Ce travail de recherche vise à améliorer l'accès de la prise en charge préventive des individus francophones en deuil, en tirant partie des avancées de la psychologie en ligne et en mettant l'accent sur l'importance de fournir un soutien approprié à ceux qui traversent des périodes difficiles. -- This thesis contributes to the understanding of preventive care for French­ speaking individuals facing significant loss. Grounded in the theoretical framework of grief and psychological interventions via the Internet, this thesis presents the development of the online psychological program called LIVIA 2.0. lt provides an exploratory assessment of the program's impact on psychopathological symptoms and coping strategies, as well as a reflection on the attrition rate, while exploring factors predicting positive evolution in both symptoms and coping strategies. The research aims to enhance access to preventive care for French­ speaking individuals in grief, leveraging advancements in online psychology and emphasizing the importance of providing appropriate support to those going through challenging times

LIVIA-FR : Implémentation et évaluation d'une intervention par Internet pour des personnes francophones peinant à surmonter la perte de leur partenaire

Objectifs. LIVIA est une intervention psychologique par Internet en dix modules sur une durée de trois mois pour personnes présentant une souffrance psychique après la perte de leur partenaire par décès, séparation ou divorce. Traduite d’un programme allemand dont l’efficacité a été démontrée par une étude randomisée contrôlée, la version française de LIVIA a été proposée en Suisse romande, en version non guidée, dans le cadre d’une étude d’implémentation pilote visant à en vérifier l’accueil. Méthode. Sur 148 personnes inscrites suite à une présentation du programme dans des journaux ou à la radio, 24 ont participé intégralement à l’essai clinique et ont fourni les mesures de prétest et posttest sur leurs symptômes de deuil, d’anxiété et de dépression, leurs modes d’adaptation à la perte, leur support social, leur sentiment de solitude ainsi que leur bien-être. Elles ont pu également exprimer leur degré de satisfaction vis-à-vis du programme et formuler des commentaires à son sujet. Résultats. La médiane de participation au programme est de six modules : dix personnes ont réalisé neuf à dix modules, cinq ont accompli moins de la moitié des séances prévues. Des bénéfices significatifs ont été observés sur les symptômes de deuil et sur les stratégies d’évitement. Aucune autre amélioration n’a été relevée sur la symptomatologie dépressive, anxieuse, sur le bien-être, la satisfaction existentielle ou encore la solitude. La satisfaction vis-à-vis de l'intervention est globalement bonne. Néanmoins, quelques points négatifs ont pu être relevés : les textes explicatifs ont été jugés complexes et les exercices de confrontation plutôt pénibles, surtout en l’absence de soutien d’une personne ressource. Ceux-ci ont pu favoriser la diminution de l’engagement dans le programme. Conclusion. LIVIA, dans sa version française non guidée, permet de réduire la symptomatologie du deuil et les stratégies d’évitement suite à un décès ou une séparation. Le programme mérite cependant des améliorations pour satisfaire un public plus large et améliorer son adhésion à la démarche

Distraction and reappraisal efficiency on immediate negative emotional responses: role of trait anxiety

Background and Objectives: Emotion regulation involves attempts to influence emotion unfolding and may target experiential, expressive and physiological responses. Several strategies can be used, such as reappraisal (re-evaluating the emotional situation to reduce its emotional meaning) or distraction (turning the attention toward non-emotional aspects of the situation). Previous research on these regulation strategies produced contrasting results regarding their efficiency and we hypothesize that this could be due to individual differences such as trait anxiety. Design and Methods: Participants (N = 77) were confronted with negative pictures and we examined the differential emotional reactivity according to trait anxiety, followed by a comparison of the efficiency of reappraisal and distraction in reducing emotional responses. Results: Results show that trait anxiety has no impact on reactivity at the experiential and expressive levels, but has an impact at the physiological level, where high anxiety individuals show increased cardiac orienting effect, as well as higher skin conductance and respiratory rate. Regarding regulation, reappraisal and distraction successfully reduce emotional experience and expressivity, but not physiological arousal. Conclusions: Such contrasting results involve that high trait anxiety individuals might benefit from the use of other kinds of strategies than reappraisal and distraction, some that may successfully target physiological responses

Supporting People having Lost a Close Person by Bereavement or Separation: Study Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Two French-Language Internet Interventions

Background: Internet interventions are as efficient as face-to-face psychotherapy for a variety of mental health disorders, including for complicated grief. Most evidence stems from guided Internet interventions. However, recent evidence indicates that the benefit of guidance is lower in internet interventions that are more interactive in nature. As such, providing guidance only to people requiring it (guidance on demand) appears as a cost-effective solution. This is particularly important to develop given the recent rise in grief symptoms in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. This protocol presents a randomized control trial comparing the efficacy and drop-out rate of two internet interventions for grief related symptoms after the loss a close person following death or separation, using a guidance on demand framework. LIVIA 2.0 was developed based on theoretical and empirical findings on grief processes and internet intervention, and will be compared to LIVIA 1, that already demonstrated its efficacy. Objective: Our main hypotheses are that LIVIA 1 (control condition) and LIVIA 2.0 (experimental condition) increase participants’ well-being and decrease their distress, at post-test and at follow-up, that LIVIA 2.0 is more efficient than LIVIA 1 on all outcomes, and that LIVIA 2.0 has less dropouts than LIVIA 1. Methods: Outcomes will be assessed at pre-test, post-test (12 weeks later) and follow-up (24 weeks later). 234 participants will be recruited through a variety of means, including social media and mass e-mails. Primary outcomes are grief symptoms, depressive symptoms, and eudemonic well-being. Secondary outcomes are anxiety symptoms, grief coping strategies, aspects related to self-identity reorganisation, and programme satisfaction. LIVIA 2.0 participants will additionally complete a weekly mood and grief symptom monitoring, allowing to explore the short-term efficacy of the sessions. Conclusions: This study will inform about the relevance of the innovations included in LIVIA 2.0 for the efficacy and dropout rate of internet interventions for grief symptoms and will allow to investigate how these changes impact the demand for guidance. In the current (post)-pandemic times, developing and assessing internet interventions targeting grief symptoms appears as particularly critical given the raise in grief-related symptoms. Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov, Record NCT05219760

Loneliness and Time Alone in Everyday Life: A Descriptive-Exploratory Study of Subjective and Objective Social Isolation

Loneliness—the subjective experience of social isolation—is a common experience that can become an enduring feature of everyday life. How does feeling lonely relate to spending time alone? In this descriptive-exploratory study, we used the Electronically Activated Recorder (EAR), a naturalistic observation tool that samples sounds from participants’ daily lives, to assess time spent alone as an index of social isolation. We combined data from three samples (N = 426) to examine the association between subjective and objectively-assessed isolation, and whether the association varies as a function of gender, marital status, and age. The constructs are weakly but significantly correlated, and spending more than 75% of time alone was associated with much higher loneliness scores, especially among older adults

Loneliness and time alone in everyday life: A descriptive-exploratory study of subjective and objective social isolation

Loneliness—the subjective experience of social isolation—is a common experience that can become an enduring feature of everyday life. How does feeling lonely relate to spending time alone? In this descriptive-exploratory study, we used the Electronically Activated Recorder (EAR), a naturalistic observation tool that samples sounds from participants’ daily lives, to assess time spent alone as an index of social isolation. We combined data from three samples (N = 426) to examine the association between subjective and objectively-assessed isolation, and whether the association varies as a function of gender, marital status, and age. The constructs are weakly but significantly correlated, and spending more than 75% of time alone was associated with much higher loneliness scores, especially among older adults.Open access articleThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]