Kalitateko hezkuntza goiztiarra: Prest al gaude?

[EU] Haur Hezkuntzako lehenengo zikloko eskolatze-tasa (0-3 urte) handiagotzen joan da azken urteetan eta horrek hezkuntza errealitate berri bati erantzuna ematea eskatzen du, bigarren zikloak ez dituen ezaugarri ezberdin propioekin. Lan honen helburu nagusia 0-3 etapari merezi duen garrantzia ematen zaion ezagutzea zen. Horretarako, Haur Hezkuntzako ikasle eta jardunean dauden irakasleei zuzenduta dagoen galdesorta bat sortu zen. Emaitzek kalitateko hezkuntza goiztiarreko bidean hobetzeko asko geratzen dela aditzera ematen dute. Halaber, etorkizuneko ikerketei atea irekita uzten diete eta profesionalen formakuntza-programen sorkuntzarako gida gisa balio dute.[ES] La tasa de escolarización en el primer ciclo de educación infantil (0-3 años) ha ido en aumento en los últimos años y exige dar respuesta a una nueva realidad educativa, con unas características propias diferentes a las del segundo ciclo. El objetivo principal de este trabajo era conocer si se le da la importancia que merece a la etapa 0-3. Para ello, se creó un cuestionario dirigido a estudiantes y a docentes en activo de Educación Infantil. Los resultados muestran que aún queda mucho por progresar en el camino hacia una educación temprana de calidad. Así mismo, dejan la puerta abierta a investigaciones futuras y sirven de guía para la elaboración de programas de formación de profesionales.[EN] The rate of schooling in the first cycle of infant education (0-3 years) has been increasing in recent years and requires a response to a new educational reality, with its own characteristics different from those of the second cycle. The main objective of this assignment was to find out if the importance is given to the 0-3 stage. For this purpose, a questionnaire was created aimed at students and active teachers of early childhood education. The results show that there is still much progress to be made on the road to quality early education. They also leave the door open to future research and serve as a guide for the development of professional training programs

Kalitateko hezkuntza goiztiarra: Prest al gaude?

[EU] Haur Hezkuntzako lehenengo zikloko eskolatze-tasa (0-3 urte) handiagotzen joan da azken urteetan eta horrek hezkuntza errealitate berri bati erantzuna ematea eskatzen du, bigarren zikloak ez dituen ezaugarri ezberdin propioekin. Lan honen helburu nagusia 0-3 etapari merezi duen garrantzia ematen zaion ezagutzea zen. Horretarako, Haur Hezkuntzako ikasle eta jardunean dauden irakasleei zuzenduta dagoen galdesorta bat sortu zen. Emaitzek kalitateko hezkuntza goiztiarreko bidean hobetzeko asko geratzen dela aditzera ematen dute. Halaber, etorkizuneko ikerketei atea irekita uzten diete eta profesionalen formakuntza-programen sorkuntzarako gida gisa balio dute.[ES] La tasa de escolarización en el primer ciclo de educación infantil (0-3 años) ha ido en aumento en los últimos años y exige dar respuesta a una nueva realidad educativa, con unas características propias diferentes a las del segundo ciclo. El objetivo principal de este trabajo era conocer si se le da la importancia que merece a la etapa 0-3. Para ello, se creó un cuestionario dirigido a estudiantes y a docentes en activo de Educación Infantil. Los resultados muestran que aún queda mucho por progresar en el camino hacia una educación temprana de calidad. Así mismo, dejan la puerta abierta a investigaciones futuras y sirven de guía para la elaboración de programas de formación de profesionales.[EN] The rate of schooling in the first cycle of infant education (0-3 years) has been increasing in recent years and requires a response to a new educational reality, with its own characteristics different from those of the second cycle. The main objective of this assignment was to find out if the importance is given to the 0-3 stage. For this purpose, a questionnaire was created aimed at students and active teachers of early childhood education. The results show that there is still much progress to be made on the road to quality early education. They also leave the door open to future research and serve as a guide for the development of professional training programs

Innovations for smoke management in passenger trains

Spanish manufacturer Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles developed an innovative alternative for compartmentation, based on a smoke extraction system, to guarantee safe conditions during evacuation processes in a passenger unit. To demonstrate its performance in a train unit, a real-scale experimental programme, supported by the application of fire computer modelling, was applied in a new Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles' rolling stock. The new smoke exhaust system aims to extract the smoke generated during a fire in the passenger area by exhaust fans of the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system, allowing the ingress of fresh exterior air in the lower part of the rear ends of the car. These key elements create an air flow that evacuates the smoke to prevent people from being exposed to it. Full-scale fire tests were developed in the train unit following the Australian standard AS 4391-1999. A fire of 140kW was used, and the smoke was generated by a clean smoke machine. Measurement points included six thermocouple trees, 10 gas flow velocity probes and two GoPro HD video cameras (for the estimation of the visibility). The system performance was successful with the tenability criteria, since the value of visibility at the non-fire car was greater than 30 m and the temperature was lower than 30°C during all the tests at a height of 1.7m above the floor. Experimental results were used to validate the computational model. The computational model results show a good accuracy compared with the tests

Increased Amoxicillin–Clavulanic Acid Resistance in Escherichia coli Blood Isolates, Spain

To determine the evolution and trends of amoxicillin–clavulanic acid resistance among Escherichia coli isolates in Spain, we tested 9,090 blood isolates from 42 Spanish hospitals and compared resistance with trends in outpatient consumption. These isolates were collected by Spanish hospitals that participated in the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System network from April 2003 through December 2006

Antimicrobial-resistant Invasive Escherichia coli, Spain

Antimicrobial resistance, particularly to fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins, is increasing in E. coli in Spain

Prodromal symptoms and the duration of untreated psychosis in first episode of psychosis patients: what differences are there between early vs. adult onset and between schizophrenia vs. bipolar disorder?

To assess the role of age (early onset psychosis-EOP < 18 years vs. adult onset psychosis-AOP) and diagnosis (schizophrenia spectrum disorders-SSD vs. bipolar disorders-BD) on the duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) and prodromal symptoms in a sample of patients with a first episode of psychosis. 331 patients with a first episode of psychosis (7–35 years old) were recruited and 174 (52.6%) diagnosed with SSD or BD at one-year follow-up through a multicenter longitudinal study. The Symptom Onset in Schizophrenia (SOS) inventory, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and the structured clinical interviews for DSM-IV diagnoses were administered. Generalized linear models compared the main effects and group interaction. 273 AOP (25.2 ± 5.1 years; 66.5% male) and 58 EOP patients (15.5 ± 1.8 years; 70.7% male) were included. EOP patients had significantly more prodromal symptoms with a higher frequency of trouble with thinking, avolition and hallucinations than AOP patients, and significantly different median DUP (91 [33–177] vs. 58 [21–140] days; Z = − 2.006, p = 0.045). This was also significantly longer in SSD vs. BD patients (90 [31–155] vs. 30 [7–66] days; Z = − 2.916, p = 0.004) who, moreover had different profiles of prodromal symptoms. When assessing the interaction between age at onset (EOP/AOP) and type of diagnosis (SSD/BD), avolition was significantly higher (Wald statistic = 3.945; p = 0.047), in AOP patients with SSD compared to AOP BD patients (p = 0.004). Awareness of differences in length of DUP and prodromal symptoms in EOP vs. AOP and SSD vs. BD patients could help improve the early detection of psychosis among minors

Assessment of a New ROS1 Immunohistochemistry Clone (SP384) for the Identification of ROS1 Rearrangements in Patients with Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma: the ROSING Study

Introduction: The ROS1 gene rearrangement has become an important biomarker in NSCLC. The College of American Pathologists/International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/Association for Molecular Pathology testing guidelines support the use of ROS1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) as a screening test, followed by confirmation with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) or a molecular test in all positive results. We have evaluated a novel anti-ROS1 IHC antibody (SP384) in a large multicenter series to obtain real-world data. Methods: A total of 43 ROS1 FISH-positive and 193 ROS1 FISH-negative NSCLC samples were studied. All specimens were screened by using two antibodies (clone D4D6 from Cell Signaling Technology and clone SP384 from Ventana Medical Systems), and the different interpretation criteria were compared with break-apart FISH (Vysis). FISH-positive samples were also analyzed with next-generation sequencing (Oncomine Dx Target Test Panel, Thermo Fisher Scientific). Results: An H-score of 150 or higher or the presence of at least 70% of tumor cells with an intensity of staining of 2+ or higher by the SP384 clone was the optimal cutoff value (both with 93% sensitivity and 100% specificity). The D4D6 clone showed similar results, with an H-score of at least 100 (91% sensitivity and 100% specificity). ROS1 expression in normal lung was more frequent with use of the SP384 clone (p < 0.0001). The ezrin gene (EZR)-ROS1 variant was associated with membranous staining and an isolated green signal FISH pattern (p = 0.001 and p = 0.017, respectively). Conclusions: The new SP384 ROS1 IHC clone showed excellent sensitivity without compromising specificity, so it is another excellent analytical option for the proposed testing algorithm

Factors related to the development of health-promoting community activities in Spanish primary healthcare: two case-control studies

Atenció Primària de Salut; Salut Comunitària; Promoció de la SalutAtención Primaria de Salud; Salud Comunitaria; Promoción de la SaludPrimary Health Care; Community Health; Health PromotionOBJECTIVE: Spanish primary healthcare teams have the responsibility of performing health-promoting community activities (CAs), although such activities are not widespread. Our aim was to identify the factors related to participation in those activities. DESIGN: Two case-control studies. SETTING: Performed in primary care of five Spanish regions. SUBJECTS: In the first study, cases were teams that performed health-promoting CAs and controls were those that did not. In the second study (on case teams from the first study), cases were professionals who developed these activities and controls were those who did not. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Team, professional and community characteristics collected through questionnaires (team managers/professionals) and from secondary sources. RESULTS: The first study examined 203 teams (103 cases, 100 controls). Adjusted factors associated with performing CAs were percentage of nurses (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.14), community socioeconomic status (higher vs lower OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.18 to 3.95) and performing undergraduate training (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.93). In the second study, 597 professionals responded (254 cases, 343 controls). Adjusted factors were professional classification (physicians do fewer activities than nurses and social workers do more), training in CAs (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2 to 3.1), team support (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.5 to 5.7), seniority (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.09), nursing tutor (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.1 to 3.5), motivation (OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.8 to 7.5), collaboration with non-governmental organisations (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2 to 3.1) and participation in neighbourhood activities (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.9 to 5.1). CONCLUSIONS: Professional personal characteristics, such as social sensitivity, profession, to feel team support or motivation, have influence in performing health-promoting CAs. In contrast to the opinion expressed by many professionals, workload is not related to performance of health-promoting CAs

The Helicobacter pylori Genome Project : insights into H. pylori population structure from analysis of a worldwide collection of complete genomes

Helicobacter pylori, a dominant member of the gastric microbiota, shares co-evolutionary history with humans. This has led to the development of genetically distinct H. pylori subpopulations associated with the geographic origin of the host and with differential gastric disease risk. Here, we provide insights into H. pylori population structure as a part of the Helicobacter pylori Genome Project (HpGP), a multi-disciplinary initiative aimed at elucidating H. pylori pathogenesis and identifying new therapeutic targets. We collected 1011 well-characterized clinical strains from 50 countries and generated high-quality genome sequences. We analysed core genome diversity and population structure of the HpGP dataset and 255 worldwide reference genomes to outline the ancestral contribution to Eurasian, African, and American populations. We found evidence of substantial contribution of population hpNorthAsia and subpopulation hspUral in Northern European H. pylori. The genomes of H. pylori isolated from northern and southern Indigenous Americans differed in that bacteria isolated in northern Indigenous communities were more similar to North Asian H. pylori while the southern had higher relatedness to hpEastAsia. Notably, we also found a highly clonal yet geographically dispersed North American subpopulation, which is negative for the cag pathogenicity island, and present in 7% of sequenced US genomes. We expect the HpGP dataset and the corresponding strains to become a major asset for H. pylori genomics