Estabilidad global para un modelo matemático sobre la respuesta inmune innata de macrófagos contra el Micobacterium tuberculosis

El resurgimiento mundial de la Tuberculosis ha subrayado la necesidad de mejorar las estrategias para su control. Recientemente se ha puesto de manifiesto que, con el fin de desarrollar una vacuna más eficaz, una mejor comprensión de la relación entre la respuesta inmune del huésped y el bacilo tuberculoso es necesaria. La respuesta innata de macrófagos contra la Tuberculosis desempeña un papel fundamental en el resultado de infección por Mycobacterium tuberculosis. En este trabajo formulamos y analizamos un modelo matemático para describir la dinámica de la respuesta inmune de los macrófagos contra el Mycobacterium tuberculosis, dentro del contexto de la inmunología innata. La dinámica del modelo esta dada en términos del número reproductivo básico R0, un umbral que ha sido ampliamente utilizado en el entendimiento de la persistencia de infecciones virales o bacteriales dentro de individuos. El análisis del modelo revela la existencia de dos estados de equilibrio, el estado libre de infección y el estado endémicamente infectado

Four Years Old, One Eye, Pars Planitis and Cataract: Surgical Challenges Give Challenging Surprises

Pars planitis (PP) is an intermediate form of uveitis, which, if left untreated, can result in vision loss. Although phacoemulsification with IOL implantation in eyes with PP often results in improved vision, it represents a surgical challenge due to inflammatory sequelae and the possibility of postoperative complications. This case report describes a 4-year-old male who was admitted for poor visual acuity and severe photophobia. The patient previously received vitreo-retinal surgery on his right eye due to an ‘unknown disease'. Ophthalmological evaluation revealed NLP, pupillary seclusion and band keratopathy in the right eye; echographic scans revealed funnel retinal detachment. The left eye had a visual acuity of CF at 1 foot, minimal band keratopathy, posterior synechiae and the following echographic findings: abundant vitreous opacities and increased chorioretinal thickness (1.6 mm). Complete medical and laboratory assessments found no infectious pathologies. The patient was diagnosed with PP. Anti-inflammatory and immunological therapy was given in order to control inflammation. Within four months, the inflammation was controlled. Slow motion phacoemulsification with iris-retractors was performed. During the surgery, an unexpected challenge was identified: an opaque-vascular retrolental membrane. The membrane was cauterized with diathermy. Primary posterior capsulotomy and membranectomy were performed, followed by a limited anterior vitrectomy. An in-the-bag IOL was implanted successfully, with no postoperative complications, and visual acuity improved to 20/200

Difluprednate versus prednisolone acetate after phacoemulsification for postoperative inflammation and pain: an efficacy and safety clinical trial.

The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of difluprednate 0.05% (PRO-145) versus prednisolone acetate 1% (Prednefrin® SF), for management of postoperative inflammation and pain, after cataract surgery

Mercados y tianguis en el siglo XXI. Repensando sus problemáticas

Los capítulos que conforman esta obra se acercan a los mercados y tianguis principalmente desde las ciencias sociales, económicas y biológicas. Sin embargo, a diferencia de estudios realizados en décadas pasadas, han encontrado nuevas problemáticas, como, por ejemplo, la relación clientelar de locatarios y tianguistas con agrupaciones mayores y partidos políticos. También se describe la disputa del mercado entre personas locales y turistas, es decir, los problemas que emergen de la museificación de estos espacios. Además, el tema de los supermercados, espacios que han ganado terreno, actualmente no deben disociarse de las lógicas comerciales de consumo.En el mundo globalizado en que vivimos, los mercados y tianguis se enfrentan a procesos de adaptación social, cultural, política y económica. Existen prácticas que continúan mientras que, a la par, aparecen nuevas formas de relacionarse con estos espacios. Por ello, los compiladores del libro, así como las y los especialistas que escriben en él, invitamos a la comunidad lectora a que utilice este libro como un referente que puede ayudarle a descubrir su propio lente para mirar a los mercados y tianguis y, al mismo tiempo, le sirva para reflexionar sobre el papel del consumo en nuestras vidas cotidianas.Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Méxic

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data