"Revision and Discussion of the energy situation (crisis) in Europe from a risk perspective: the United Kingdom and Germany Cases.”

The energy crisis has been a topic of great concern for the global community. It is characterized by the volatility of energy prices, the increasing demand for energy, and the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Europe has been facing an energy crisis that has threatened the region's economic stability and security. Energy security is a critical issue for the European Union, as it is highly dependent on imported energy resources. According to the European Commission, around 53% of energy consumption in the EU is imported, with the dependency expected to rise to 73% by 2030 (European Commission, 2018). The United Kingdom and Germany are among the largest energy consumers in Europe, and their energy policies and energy mix have significant implications for the region's energy security. This thesis, titled "Revision and Discussion of the Energy Situation (Crisis) in Europe from a Risk Perspective: United Kingdom and Germany Cases," delves into the energy challenges faced by Europe, with a particular focus on the United Kingdom and Germany. The study through the definition of five research questions delves into the strategies the UK and Germany have been using to manage the current energy crisis. Authors choose a qualitative methodology approach through the scoping of different publications such as papers, books, reports, National Regulatory Authorities (NRAs), and government crisis management plans. Theoretical basis are presented on the Risk Management and Governance domain which is later compared to the theoretical findings on the risk and crisis management practices the European Union, the United Kingdom and Germany have implemented or are currently effective. The analysis section them present the results and expand on each country specific cases. The United Kingdom's energy policy is shaped by its commitment to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and its desire to maintain energy security. The country's energy mix comprises natural gas, oil, coal, nuclear, and renewable energy sources. Germany's energy policy is also shaped by its commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and it is facing challenges meeting its energy demand. The country has set ambitious targets for renewable energy, and it has closed all its nuclear power plants. However, the transition to a low-carbon energy system has also increased Germany's reliance on imported energy resources, raising concerns about the country's energy security. As part of the conclusions, some points are discussed as follow: The UK and Germany have developed toolboxes which provides key definitions, methodologies, suggestions, and examples on how to carry risk assessments. These documents are based on the EU regulations as part of treaties signed among all the countries participating in the commission. European countries in general seems to agree that all risk assessment and management methodologies as per EU commission recommendations should be based in ISO 31010. This is the case also for the UK where the BIS (British institute of Standardisation) agrees in the same. As a general conclusion this study present that even though national risk assessments and plan have been in place, some of the analysis lacked on the resilience and the likelihood of the risk events to occur

Origin and sedimentary context of Cenozoic exotic copper deposits from the Atacama Desert, northern Chile

[ES] Este trabajo pretende describir los depósitos de cobre exótico presentes en la mina El Tesoro (norte de Chile) y determinar los procesos y el contexto sedimentario implicados en su formación. El Tesoro consta de dos depósitos de cobre exótico concordantes a la estratificación y separados entre sí por ~130 m de facies detríticas estériles. En el nivel mineralizado inferior, hospedado en conglomerados fluviales intercalados con calizas arenosas lacustres, el cobre se presenta como una masa entre los clastos de tonos verde azulados, constituida principalmente por crisocola, y de tonos negros, formada por “copper wad”. En el nivel superior, alojado en brechas de abanico aluvial, la mineralización está presente como una masa homogénea de color verde entre los clastos y también como clastos angulosos retrabajados de crisocola. Ocasionalmente, en este depósito se observan envueltas irregulares de cobre alrededor de clastos no mineralizados. Este estudio permite confirmar que se trata de dos cuerpos exóticos sinsedimentarios formados por eventos y mecanismos diferentes. En el cuerpo inferior, el cobre fue transportado en solución y precipitó en facies gruesas de relleno de canal en zonas distales a la fuente de cobre. En el caso del depósito superior, los clastos mineralizados retrabajados indican que la erosión y el transporte físico también contribuyeron a su formación. Este cuerpo se habría originado más cerca de la fuente de cobre en comparación con el depósito inferior y, además, también podría haber sido formado parcialmente por procesos de pedogénesis.[EN] This works aims to describe the exotic copper deposits from the El Tesoro copper mine (northern Chile) and to determine the processes and the sedimentary context involved in their formation. El Tesoro consists of two exotic-Cu bodies concordant with stratification and separated by ~130 m of barren detritic deposits. The lower exotic-Cu deposit is hosted in fluvio-alluvial conglomerates interbedded with lacustrine sandy limestones. Copper occurs as a homogeneous green (chrysocolla) and black (copper wad) paste between the clasts. The upper deposit is hosted in alluvial fan breccias. In this case, the mineralization consists of a homogeneous green paste and also reworked angular clasts of chrysocolla. Occasionally, it also occurs as coatings surrounding non-mineralized clasts. This work confirms that these deposits were synsedimentary and formed during separate events and by different mechanisms. In the lower ore deposit, copper was transported in solution and precipitated within coarse-grained facies of channel-fill deposits in distal parts related to the copper source. However, the presence of mineralized reworked clasts in the upper ore deposit reveals that erosion and physical transport also played a role in its formation. This ore deposit was originated closer to the copper source and could have been partially formed by pedogenic processes.Este trabajo ha sido financiado por la beca CONICYTPCHA/ Doctorado Nacional/2016-21160193 (Chile) y por los proyectos de investigación FONDECYT Nº1121041 y Proyecto Anillos ACT-1203 (Chile), LMI-COPEDIM (Chile-Francia) y CGL2014-54828P (España).Peer reviewe

O Mercosul e as normas técnicas

Este trabalho apresenta um panorama atual da normalização no Mercado Comum do Sul (Mercosul), com especial ênfase para a normalização de âmbito voluntário e do papel da Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (ABNT) nesse contexto. Traça um breve histórico das atividades da ABNT no Mercosul, faz um balanço dos resultados alcançados até o momento e discute os principais problemas para a harmonização de normas. Como reflexões finais, aborda a necessidade de se definirem com maior clareza os objetivos da harmonização de normas, a estrutura permanente para a normalização e as fronteiras entre a normalização e a regulamentação técnica. Palavras-chave Normas técnicas / Mercosul; Normalização /Mercosul. Normas técnicas /ABNT/ Brasil. Mercosul and the technical standards Abstract This paper presents a view of the standardization in the  Common Market of the South (Mercosul), with special emphasis on voluntary standardization and the role of Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (ABNT – Brazilian Association of Technical Standards) in this context. It makes a short escription of activities of ABNT in the Mercosul, balances the results reached up to now and discuss the main problems regarding standards harmonization. As a final thought, it raises the need of a better definition of the aims of standards harmonization, the permament structure for standardization and the boundary between standardization and technical regulation. Keywords Technical standards/Mercosul. Standardization/Mercosul. Technical standards/ABNT/Brazil

Strength analysis of composite cables

Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) cables, due to their outstanding performance in terms of specific stiffness and strength, are usually found in civil construction applications and, more recently, in the Oil & Gas sector. However, experimental data and theoretical solutions for these cables are very limited. On the contrary, several theoretical and numerical approaches are available for isotropic cables (metallic wire ropes), some of them with severe simplifications, nonetheless showing good agreement with experimental data. In this study, experimental tensile results for 1×7 CRFP cables were compared to a simplified analytical model (assumed transversally isotropic) and to a 3D finite element model incorporating the experimental uncertainty in important input parameters: longitudinal elastic modulus, Poisson’s ratio, static friction coefficient and ultimate tensile strain. The average experimental breaking load of the cable was 190.25 kN (coefficient of variation of 1.74%) and the agreement with the numerical model predictions were good, with an average-value deviation of –1.15%, which is lower than the experimental variations. The simplified analytical model yielded a discrepancy above 10%, indicating that it needs further refinement although much less time consuming than the numerical model. These conclusions were corroborated by statistical analyses (i.e. Kruskal–Wallis and Mann-Whitney)

The Effect of Eight-Week Functional Core Training on Core Stability in Young Rhythmic Gymnasts: A Randomized Clinical Trial

All data files are available from the figshare database: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.16810885.v1 (accessed on 29 January 2022)[Abstract] It is suggested that core stability (CS) might improve rhythmic gymnasts' performance. Nevertheless, the effect of core stability training (CST) in CS performance is not clear. Purpose: Evaluating the effect of an eight-week functional CST on young rhythmics gymnasts' CS performance. Method: A sample of 45 young female rhythmic gymnasts from a competitive team (age = 10.5 ± 1.8 years, height = 144.1 ± 10.6 cm, weight 38.2 ± 8.9 kg, peak height velocity (PHV) = 12.2 ± 0.6 years) participated in the study. The participants were randomly allocated into the control group (CG) and experimental group (EG) and completed pre-tests and post-tests of specific CS tests using a pressure biofeedback unit (PBU). The CS was assessed by the bent knee fall out (BKFO), the active straight leg raise (ASLR) tests and the pelvic tilt test, all performed on the right and left sides. The EG (n = 23) performed an eight-week functional CST program based on rhythmic gymnastics (RG) technical requirements added to the traditional RG training sessions. Meanwhile, the CG (n = 22) received the traditional RG training sessions. Results: Mixed model analysis showed non-significant interaction effects; however, the ANOVA omnibus test showed a time effect (p < 0.05) in right BKFO (F1,42 = 4.60; p = 0.038) and both pelvic tilt tests (right F1,42 = 22.01, p < 0.001; left F1,42 = 19.13, p < 0.001). There were non-significant interaction effects. The fixed effects estimated parameters for right BKFO showed that both groups had less pressure variation after intervention compared with pre-intervention (β = -1.85 mmHg, 95%CI = [-3.54 to -0.16], t42 = -2.14, p = 0.038). Furthermore, the left pelvic tilt (β = 37.0 s, 95%CI = [20.4 to 53.6], t42 = 4.37, p < 0.001) improved 8.9 s more than the right pelvic tilt (β = 28.1 s, 95%CI = [16.3 to 39.8], t42 = 4.69, p < 0.001) considering both groups together. Conclusions: Adding a functional CST to regular training showed a trend in improving the performance of CS-related variables, which could help improve RG-specific performance. Coaches working with rhythmic gymnasts should consider adding a functional CST to regular training to improve CS performance leading to increased specific RG performance.https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.16810885.v

Leading Interview and Interrogation Techniques. Focus on Cognitive Interview

Criminal investigation in Mexico is performed by the investigation triad, which is made up of police and experts in diff erent areas such as medicine and prosecutors. They all use interview and interrogation techniques to do their work. Unfortunately, in Mexico, there is no culture of training in governmental institutions responsible for investigating crimes, and results in ignorance of techniques for obtaining objective and reliable information that guarantees the protection of fundamental rights. This chapter illustrates the scope and limits of interview and interrogation techniques and their objectives, with emphasis on the cognitive interview (CI). Th e CI, which has been validated scientifi cally, is one of the best tools to obtain useful information, that is, results of a CI that have been conducted in the field can be used in a court of law. Th is technique can be used with victims, witnesses, or suspects. The current chapter also describes the most utilized techniques, cognitive interview, mnemonic techniques, Strategic Use of Evidence, and Verifi ability Approach

Adherencia terapéutica de pacientes con diagnóstico de hipertensión arterial crónica y diabetes mellitus tipo ii de la unidad de salud la laguna, municipio la laguna, departamento de Chalatenango, periodo de julio-agosto 2022.

La adherencia terapéutica representa un importante reto para el sistema sanitario, especialmente en el tratamiento de las enfermedades crónicas; según la OMS, las tasas de adherencia a la medicación continúan siendo bajas. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los factores presentes en la adherencia terapéutica de pacientes con diagnóstico de Hipertensión arterial crónica y Diabetes mellitus tipo 2, que consulta en la Unidad de Salud La Laguna, municipio La Laguna, departamento de Chalatenango, junio-agosto 2022; para tal fin se establece el nivel de adherencia terapéutica y se Identifican los factores socioeconómicos, los factores relacionados con el paciente y los factores relacionados con el sistema de salud; para lo cual se hizo uso de metodología investigativa de tipo descriptivo, de corte transversal, cuantitativa; en una población de 126 pacientes, con una muestra de 95 participantes a quienes se les aplicó los instrumentos de cuestionario de ARMS-e modificado y cuestionario de identificación de factores presentes en la adherencia terapéutica, obteniendo los siguientes resultados: el nivel de adherencia terapéutica es media con un 50%, alta 45% y 5 % baja. y el factor adherente más frecuente es el socioeconómico, presente en 52.6%; relacionados al paciente 32.6% y 25.6% relacionados al sistema de salud; concluyendo que los indicadores más presentes fueron: desempleo (94%), bajo nivel educativo (86%), falta de abastecimiento en el medicamento (82%) y poca educación (67%) condicionan en su mayoría la adherencia terapéutica de esta población. Se recomienda fortalecer la educación y promoción en salud y abastecimiento de medicamento

Estimation of Spatially Dependent Coefficients in Heterogeneous Media in Diffusive Heat Transfer Problems

This article addresses the solution to the inverse problem in a one-dimensional transient partial differential equation with a source term, commonly encountered in heat transfer modeling for diffusion problems. The equation is utilized in a dimensionless form to derive a more general solution that is applicable across various contexts. The Transition Markov Chain Monte Carlo (TMCMC) method is utilized to estimate spatially variable thermophysical properties within the equation. This approach involves transitioning between probability densities, gradually refining the prior distribution to approximate the posterior distribution. The results indicate the effectiveness of the TMCMC method in addressing this inverse problem, offering a robust methodology for estimating spatially variable coefficients.This article addresses the solution to the inverse problem in a one-dimensional transient partial differential equation with a source term, commonly encountered in heat transfer modeling for diffusion problems. The equation is utilized in a dimensionless form to derive a more general solution that is applicable across various contexts. The Transition Markov Chain Monte Carlo (TMCMC) method is utilized to estimate spatially variable thermophysical properties within the equation. This approach involves transitioning between probability densities, gradually refining the prior distribution to approximate the posterior distribution. The results indicate the effectiveness of the TMCMC method in addressing this inverse problem, offering a robust methodology for estimating spatially variable coefficients

Uso de la metribuzina, asociado con diferentes fertilizantes foliares, en cultivos de zanahoria

1 recurso en línea (páginas 351-358) : ilustraciones color.This study aimed to evaluate the use of different foliar fertilizers, associated or not associated with metribuzin, in terms of carrot yield. The experiments were carried out over two crop years with treatments in a 2×4 factorial scheme. The first factor was the absence or presence of metribuzin (0 and 288 g ha-1 a.i.) and the second factor was the foliar fertilizers: FertiG, FertiB, sucrose and no application. In crop year 1, the commercial yield increased with FertiG with metribuzin, and the forked/total discard ratio decreased when the foliar fertilizers were applied together with metribuzin. The isolated metribuzin decreased the total yield and the commercial/total yield ratio in crop year 1; however, the stress was attenuated when FertiG was applied. In crop year 2, the metribuzin, isolated or associated with FertiG, increased the commercial yield. The FertiB decreased the forked/total discard ratio. The metribuzin, isolated or associated with FertiG, and FertiB obtained similar results for the commercial/total yield ratio in crop year 2. FertiG satisfactorily attenuated the stress caused by metribuzin in the carrot plants, with a positive effect on the commercial yield of the carrot crop.El objetivo del estudio evaluó el uso de diferentes fertilizantes foliares asociados, y no asociados con metribuzina, sobre la productividad de zanahoria. Los experimentos se realizaron en dos ciclos de cultivo con un arreglo factorial 2×4 de los tratamientos. El primer factor fue la ausencia y presencia de la metribuzina (0 y 288 g ha-1 i.a.) y el segundo factor fueron los fertilizantes foliares: FertiG, FertiB, sacarosa y sin aplicación. En el primer ciclo de producción, la productividad comercial aumentó en la asociación de FertiG y metribuzina, la relación bifurcación/descarte total disminuyó cuando se aplica los fertilizantes foliares junto con la metribuzina. La metribuzina sola disminuyó la productividad total y la relación producción comercial/rendimiento total en el primer ciclo, sin embargo el estrés se mitigó cuando se aplicó FertiG. En el segundo ciclo, la metribuzina sola o asociada a FertiG aumentó la productividad comercial. El FertiB disminuyó la relación bifurcación/descarte total. La metribuzina sola o asociada con FertiG y FertiB obtuvieron resultados similares en la relación producción comercial/rendimiento total en el ciclo 2. FertiG atenúa satisfactoriamente el estrés causado por la metribuzina a las plantas de zanahoria con un impacto positivo en la productividad comercial del cultivo de zanahoria.Bibliografía y webgrafía: páginas 357-358

Hacia Una Reconceptualización Teórica Y Metodológica Del Gobierno Abierto: Paradigma Explicativo De La Gobernabilidad Local

El objetivo de este artículo es realizar un acercamiento teórico y metodológico sobre la implementación del gobierno abierto en la gobernanza local. En realidad, el gobierno abierto surge por la falta de capacidad y recursos del Estado, donde la ciudadanía cada vez es más exigente e informada. Asimismo, el gobierno abierto busca que sean atendidos los problemas públicos inscritos en las agendas de los gobiernos locales; esto a través de la promoción de una cultura de trasparencia que facilite el acceso a la información con fines de control social, político y económico. A través de un método de revisión de literatura y diseño metodológico cualitativo, este artículo destaca que los cuatro principios del gobierno abierto son: la innovación, la transparencia, la participación ciudadana y la rendición de cuentas. El cumplimiento de la gobernanza con estos principios sin lugar a duda es garante de éxito en los espacios de gobernanza local. The objective of this article is to carry out a theoretical and methodological approach on the implementation of open government in local governance. Open government arises because of the lack of capacity and resources of the State, where citizens are increasingly demanding and informed. Likewise, open government seeks to address the public problems inscribed in the agendas of local governments; this through the promotion of a culture of transparency that facilitates access to information for the purposes of social, political and economic control. Through a literature review method and qualitative methodological design, this article highlights that the four principles of open government are: innovation, transparency, citizen participation and accountability. The fulfillment of the governance with these principles without a doubt, is guarantor of success in local governance spaces