Evidence for RNA transport in rat optic nerve

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66066/1/j.1471-4159.1969.tb08995.x.pd

Refining victims’ self-reports on bullying:Assessing frequency, intensity, power imbalance, and goal-directedness

Bullying can be differentiated from other types of peer aggression by four key characteristics: frequency, intensity, power imbalance, and goal‐directedness. Existing instruments, however, usually assess the presence of these characteristics implicitly. Can self‐report instruments be refined using additional questions that assess each characteristic? We examined (a) what proportion of children classified as victims by the commonly used Revised Olweus’ bully/victim questionnaire (BVQ) also experienced the characteristics of bullying, and (b) the extent to which the presence of the characteristics was associated with emotional (affect, school, and classroom well‐being), relational (friendship, defending), and social status (popularity, rejection) adjustment correlates among victims. Using data from 1,738 students (Mage = 10.6; grades 5–8), including 138 victims according to the BVQ, the results showed that 43.1% of the children who were classified as victims by BVQ experienced all the four characteristics of bullying. Frequency ratings of victimization did not capture experiences that involved a power imbalance. Victims who reported all four key characteristics had greater emotional, relational, and social status problems than victims who did not report all characteristics. Thus, researchers who focus on victimization for diagnostic and prevention purposes can enrich self‐report measurements of bullying victimization by adding questions that assess the characteristics explicitly

Submacropulse electron-beam dynamics correlated with higher-order modes in a Tesla-type cryomodule

Experiments were performed at the Fermilab Accelerator Science and Technology (FAST) facility to elucidate the effects of long-range wakefields (LRWs) in TESLA-type superconducting rf cavities. In particular, we investigated the higher-order modes (HOMs) generated in the eight cavities of a cryomodule (CM) due to off-axis steering with correctors located ~4 m upstream of the CM. We have observed correlated submacropulse centroid slews of a few-hundred microns and centroid oscillations at ~240 kHz in the rf BPM data after the CM. The entrance energy into the CM was 25 MeV, and the exit energy was 100 MeV with 125 pC/b and 400 pC/b in 50-bunch pulse trains. These experimental results were evaluated for machine learning training aspects which will be used to inform the commissioning plan for the Linac Coherent Light Source-II injector CM

Reducing Playground Bullying and Supporting Beliefs: An Experimental Trial of the \u27Steps to Respect\u27 Program

Six schools were randomly assigned to a multilevel bullying intervention or a control condition. Children in Grades 3–6 (N = 1,023) completed pre- and posttest surveys of behaviors and beliefs and were rated by teachers. Observers coded playground behavior of a random subsample (n = 544). Hierarchical analyses of changes in playground behavior revealed declines in bullying and argumentative behavior among intervention-group children relative to control-group children, increases in agreeable interactions, and a trend toward reduced destructive bystander behavior. Those in the intervention group reported enhanced bystander responsibility, greater perceived adult responsiveness, and less acceptance of bullying/aggression than those in the control group. Self-reported aggression did not differ between the groups. Implications for future research on the development and prevention of bullying are discussed

The publics of public health in Africa

How do we understand the public character of public health in contemporary Africa? What are the parameters of community engagement in health care delivery, medical research and disease control programmes? To what extent is public health in Africa a project led by African Governments? Through what political processes and deliberative practices can African publics influence the priorities of research in health sciences and interventions which aim in broad terms to improve the health of such publics? Drawing insight from empirical research conducted with African scientists, nurses, community members, clinical trialists and policy-makers, this special section examines the multiple ways in which the public comes into being around public health provisioning and investigation in sub-Saharan Africa, its role and political reach. Collectively, these papers show how contestation and negotiation around different ideas about who the public is and what being public means can lead to the emergence of conflicting understandings, with implications for who and what is seen to represent the public interest, and for the acceptance of research and other interventions