Urinary protein detection by iTRAQ® associated with renal transplant complications and its modification with therapy

AbstractBackgroundAfter renal transplant, surgical, infection complications, as well as graft rejection may occur; early detection through non-invasive markers is the key to change therapy and avoid biopsy.ObjectiveThe aim of the study is to determine urine protein profiles in patients undergoing renal transplant with complications and detect its variation when therapy is modified.Material and methodsUrine samples were collected from patients prior the transplant and various postoperative stages. Urinary protein profiles were obtained by peptide labelling using isobaric isotopes for relative quantification (iTRAQ®).ResultsA total of 22 patients were included, of whom 12 developed post-transplant complication: 2 with graft rejection (1 male and 1 female) and 10 (6 males and 4 females) in the group of post-transplant infections. Using iTRAQ® 15/345 and 28/113 proteins were identified and fulfilled the acceptance criteria, in graft rejection and post-transplant infections group, respectively.ConclusionsAlbumin was the only protein found in both groups, the remaining proteins were different. The five proteins with higher scores in graft rejection were: alpha-1-microglobulin, 5′-nucleotidase cytosolic III, retinol-binding protein 4, membrane protein palmitoylated 4, and serine carboxypeptidase, while post-transplant infections were: mitochondrial acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, putative adenosyl homocysteinase 2, zinc finger protein GLIS1, putative protein FAM157B, and zinc finger protein 615. It remains to elucidate the involvement of each of these in patients with renal transplantation

Inteligencia emocional y espiritualidad en el apego al tratamiento de adultos con adicciones al alcohol y drogas

El número de adultos con dependencia y trastornos por abuso de sustancias está en aumento y una escasa minoría sigue con éxito el tratamiento. La literatura ha subrayado la existencia de múltiples factores que aumentan el apego al tratamiento. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la relación entre la inteligencia emocional (IE), la espiritualidad y el apego al tratamiento en adultos con adicción al alcohol y las drogas. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 80 hombres con media de edad de 25,6 años (DT = 8,23), los instrumentos de evaluación utilizados fueron el Inventario de Inteligencia Emocional ([EQ-I], Bar-On, 2000), el Cuestionario de Espiritualidad de Parsian y Dunning (2009) y el Cuestionario de Variables Predictoras de Abandono y Adhesión al tratamiento (Sirvent, 2009). El apego al tratamiento correlaciona positiva y significativamente con la IE (r = 0,243, p < 0,05), así como con la espiritualidad (r = 0,193, p < 0,05). El presente estudio proporciona evidencia de la importancia que la IE y la espiritualidad parecen tener sobre el apego al tratamiento contra las adicciones. En la parte final del trabajo se discute acerca del desarrollo de estrategias y programas enfocados en mejorar las habilidades emocionales y espirituales en adultos con adicción al alcohol y las drogas.The number of adults with substance use disorders and dependency is on rise, and small minority are successfully pursuing treatment. The literature has highlighted the existence of multiple factors that increase adherence to treatment. The objective of the study was to analyze the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI), spirituality and adherence to treatment in adults with addiction to alcohol and drugs. The sample consisted of 80 men with mean age 25.6 years (SD = 8,23), the evaluation instruments used were the Emotional Intelligence Inventory ([EQ-I], Bar-On, 2000), Parsian and Dunning's Spirituality Questionnaire (2009) and Questionnaire of Predictive Variables of Abandonment and Adherence to treatment (Sirvent, 2009). Adherence to treatment has a positive and significant correlation with EI (r = 0,243, p < 0,05), as well as with spirituality (r = 0,193, p < 0,05). The present study provides evidence of the importance that EI and spirituality seem to have on adherence to addiction treatment. In final part of the work, the development of strategies and programs focused on improving emotional and spiritual abilities in adults with addiction to alcohol and drugs is discussed

Identificación de flora bacteriana en cultivos de bilis y pared de vesícula biliar de pacientes sometidos a colecistectomía laparoscópica en el Hospital Universitario «Dr. José Eleuterio González»

Antecedentes: Se ha aceptado a través del tiempo que la bilis en condiciones normales es estéril. La bactobilia es un hallazgo común en individuos de alto riesgo o con cuadros de colecistolitiasis complicados, sin embargo, hay pocos datos con respecto a la prevalencia de bactibilia en pacientes sometidos a colecistectomía por colecistolitiasis no complicada. Es común el uso de agentes antibióticos preoperatorios y postoperatorios en los diferentes pacientes que son sometidos a colecistectomía laparoscópica, sin que exista una base bacteriológica y epidemiológica demostrada sobre el predominio bacteriano determinado, su resistencia y sensibilidad en nuestro medio. Material y métodos: Pacientes con diagnóstico de colecistitis litiásica, a quienes se realizó CL con una muestra calculada por proporciones de 183 unidades (IC 95%). Resultados: Se identificó bactibilia en el 31.95% de los cultivos de colecistitis leve y en el 35.71% de los cultivos de pacientes con colecistitis moderada (p < 0.0001). Se recolectaron un total de 125 cultivos negativos (68.3%) y 58 positivos (31.69%) con un claro predominio del grupo de enterobacterias (43.10%) y Enterococcus (27.58%). Conclusiones: Comparando los grupos de acuerdo al grado de severidad, hay una diferencia significativa en relación a la presencia de bactibilia, así como en el tipo de agentes aislados. Las fluoroquinolonas asociadas a metronidazol son una opción de tratamiento en pacientes en los que se sospecha bactobilia. Actualmente no está justificado el uso de antibioticoterapia en pacientes de bajo riesgo. © 2016 Publicado por Masson Doyma M´exico S.A. en nombre de Academia Mexicana de Cirug´ıa A.C. Este es un art´ıculo Open Access bajo la licencia CC BY-NC-ND (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). ABSTRACT Background: Through experience it has been accepted that bile in normal conditions remainssterile. Bactibilia is a common finding in individuals at high risk or with complicated cholecys-tolithiasis, however few data prevails about the prevalence of bactibilia in patients operatedon for uncomplicated laparoscopic cholecystectomy. There is s common usage of preopera-tive and postoperative antibiotics in the different patients without the existence of any actualbacteriologic and epidemiologic evidence.Material and methods:183 patients with diagnosis of cholecystolithiasis postoperated of lapa-roscopic cholecystectomy had their bile sent to bacteriology.Results: Bactibilia was identified in 31.95% of the cultures of mild cholecystitis and in 35.71%for moderate (p < .0001). A total of 125 negative cultures were obtained (68.3) and 58 positive(31.69%) with a prevalence of enterobacteria group (43.10%) and Enterococcus (27.58).Conclusions: Comparing the groups according to severity there is a significant difference withregard to the presence of bactibilia, in addition to the bacterial groups cultivated. Fluoroqui-nolones and metronidazole is an option for the treatment of patients with the suspicion ofbactibilia. The use of antibiotics is not justified in patients at low risk.© 2016 Published by Masson Doyma M´exico S.A. on behalf of Academia Mexicana de Cirug´ıa A.C.This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Spironolactone Effect in Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Wistar Rats

Introduction. Ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury, often associated with liver surgery, is an unresolved problem in the clinical practice. Spironolactone is an antagonist of aldosterone that has shown benefits over IR injury in several tissues, but its effects in hepatic IR are unknown. Objective. To evaluate the effect of spironolactone on IR-induced damage in liver. Materials and Methods. Total hepatic ischemia was induced in rats for 20 min followed by 60 min of reperfusion. Spironolactone was administered and hepatic injury, cytokine production, and oxidative stress were assessed. Results. After IR, increased transaminases levels and widespread acute inflammatory infiltrate, disorganization of hepatic hemorrhage trabeculae, and presence of apoptotic bodies were observed. Administration of SPI reduced biochemical and histological parameters of liver injury. SPI treatment increased IL-6 levels when compared with IR group but did not modify either IL-1β or TNF-α with respect to IR group. Regarding oxidative stress, increased levels of catalase activity were recorded in IR + SPI group in comparison with group without treatment, whereas MDA levels were similar in IR + SPI and IR groups. Conclusions. Spironolactone reduced the liver damage induced by IR, and this was associated with an increase in IL-6 production and catalase activity

Ferrivet en cerdos lactantes (I)

Use and administration of Ferrivet, a drug manufactured from hemolyzed blood to prevent iron-deficiency anemia, was tested in 78 lactational piglets from a swine breeding center. This drug was administered alone or together with several additives (2% Cu; 30% molasses; ferric solution) at different dosages. It was compared to iron dextran. Piglet weight gain was evaluated. Differences were established taking into account oral treatment initial dose-time. According to the results obtained, a 5 mL oral dose of Ferrivet can be administered every other day to prevent iron-deficiency anemia, while a 10 mL oral dose leads to a higher weight gain.Se experimenta el uso de un producto nombrado Ferrivet elaborado a base de sangre hemolizada para evitar la anemia ferropriva. Se utilizaron un total de 78 cerdos lactantes procedentes de una unidad porcina. El producto se ensayó solo o con aditivos de Cu al 2%; con melaza al 30%; con sol. férrica; y en diferentes dosis. Se establecen comparaciones con la Dextrana con hierro, se valora el incremento de peso de los lechones y se establecen diferencias sobre el momento de la aplicación del tratamiento por vía oral. En los resultados se demuestra que es factible la aplicación de Ferrivet oral en dosis de 5 mL en días alternos para evitar la anemia ferropriva, y que el uso de una dosis de 10 mL provoca el mayor incremento de peso

Actividad antiinflamatoria y antioxidante de los α-cetoanálogos de aminoácidos esenciales en un modelo de daño por isquemia-reperfusión en ratas Wistar

Introduction: Essential amino acid α-keto acid analogs are used in the treatment of chronic kidney disease to delay the symptoms of uremia. However, it is unknown whether essential amino acid α-keto acid analogs affect the oxidative stress and the inflammation in acute renal injury such as those produced by ischemia-reperfusion.Objective: To evaluate the effect of essential amino acid α-keto acid analogs on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in Wistar rats.Materials and methods: Rats were divided into 11 groups (n=6/group): Two groups received physiological saline with or without ischemia-reperfusion injury (45 min/24 h), six groups received essential amino acid α-keto acid analogs (400, 800, or 1,200 mg/kg/24 h/7d) with or without ischemia-reperfusion injury (essential amino acid α-keto acid analogs + ischemia-reperfusion), and two groups received allopurinol (50 mg/kg/24 h/7d) with or without ischemia-reperfusion injury. Biochemical markers included creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), renal damage markers (cystatin C, KIM-1, and NGAL), and markers of oxidative stress such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant activity.Results: The essential amino acid α-keto acid analog- and allopurinol-treated groups had lower levels of creatinine, BUN, renal damage markers, proinflammatory cytokines, and MDA than their corresponding ischemia-reperfusion groups. These changes were related to the essential amino acid α-keto acid analogs dosage. Total antioxidant activity was lower in essential amino acid α-keto acid analog- and allopurinol-treated groups than in the corresponding ischemia-reperfusion groups.Conclusions: This is a new report on the nephroprotective effects of essential amino acid α-keto acid analogs against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Essential amino acid α-keto acid analogs decreased the levels of biochemical markers, kidney injury markers, proinflammatory cytokines, and MDA while minimizing total antioxidant consumption.Introducción. Los α-cetoanálogos de aminoácidos esenciales se utilizan en el tratamiento de la enfermedad renal crónica para retrasar los síntomas de la uremia. Sin embargo, se desconoce si los α-cetoanálogos de aminoácidos esenciales afectan el estrés oxidativo y la inflamación en la lesión renal aguda tal como en la producida por la isquemia-reperfusión.Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de las α-cetoanálogos de aminoácidos esenciales sobre la lesión renal por isquemia-reperfusión en ratas Wistar.Materiales y métodos. Se emplearon 11 grupos de ratas (n=6): dos grupos recibieron solución salina fisiológica con lesión isquemia-reperfusión o sin ella (45 min/24 h), seis grupos recibieron α-cetoanálogos de aminoácidos esenciales (400, 800 o 1.200 mg/kg/24 h/7d) con lesión isquemia-reperfusión o sin ella (α-cetoanálogos de aminoácidos esenciales + isquemia-reperfusión), y dos grupos recibieron (50 mg/kg/24 h/7d) con lesión isquemia-reperfusión o sin ella. Los marcadores bioquímicos incluyeron creatinina y nitrógeno ureico en sangre (BUN), citocinas proinflamatorias (IL-1β, IL-6 y TNF-α), marcadores de daño renal (cistatina C, KIM-1 y NGAL) y marcadores del estrés oxidativo como el malondialdehído (MDA) y la actividad antioxidante total.Resultados. Los grupos tratados con α-cetoanálogos de aminoácidos esenciales y alopurinol tuvieron niveles inferiores de creatinina, BUN, marcadores de daño renal, citocinas proinflamatorias, actividad antioxidante total y MDA que los grupos isquemia-reperfusión correspondientes. Estos cambios se asociaron con la dosis. La actividad antioxidante total fue menor en los grupos tratados con α-cetoanálogos de aminoácidos esenciales que en los grupos isquemia-reperfusión correspondientes.Conclusiones. Este es un nuevo informe de los efectos nefroprotectores de las α-cetoanálogos de aminoácidos esenciales contra la lesión isquemia-reperfusión. Los α-cetoanálogos de aminoácidos esenciales disminuyeron los niveles de los marcadores bioquímicos, de los de lesión renal, de las citocinas proinflamatorias y el MDA, a la vez que minimizaron el consumo total de antioxidantes

Modulation of Remote Ischemic Preconditioning by Proinflammatory Cytokines in Renal Transplant Recipients

Aim: Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) has been used as a strategy to reduce acute renal injury and ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in renal transplantation (RT) with controversial results. Objective: To determine if RIPC modifies IRI in cadaveric RT recipients through inflammatory mediators and graft function. Methods: Twenty-nine RT recipients were studied, 12 in the control group (CG) and 17 in the RIPC group. RIPC which was performed on donors using a pneumatic tourniquet placed on both thighs for 10 min followed by the determination of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, VEGF, and ICAM-1, and hematological and biochemical parameters in different phases of RT. Results: Serum creatinine levels were significantly lower in the RIPC group versus the CG at 15 and 30 days; however, the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) showed no significant difference in any phase between either group, only TNF-α showed significantly higher values in the RIPC group versus the CG in almost all phases of the study, meanwhile IL6 was increased at 72 hours (hr) and 30 days, IL1 at 72 hr and 15 days and ICAM-1 post reperfusion, contrary to this VEGF showed a decrease at 7 and 15 days. Conclusion: RIPC did not improve eGFR or serum creatinine; however, it modifies the inflammatory response in RT recipients

Nephroprotective Effect of Sonchus oleraceus Extract against Kidney Injury Induced by Ischemia-Reperfusion in Wistar Rats

Introduction. Kidney ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is the main cause of delayed graft function in solid organ transplantation. Sonchus oleraceus is a plant with well-known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities; however, its effects on renal I/R are unknown. Objective. To evaluate whether S. oleraceus extract (S.O.e.) has nephroprotective activity in an I/R model in Wistar rats. Materials and Methods. Animal groups (n=6): sham, I/R (45 min/15 h), S.O.e (300 mg/kg p.o.), and S.O.e + I/R (300 mg/kg, p.o.; 45 min/15 h). Renal function, proinflammatory cytokines, alanine aminotransferase, markers of oxidative stress, and histology were evaluated. Results. None of the mediators evaluated differed significantly between the S.O.e and sham groups. Levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, malondialdehyde (MDA), and proinflammatory cytokines were higher, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) was lower in the I/R group than in the sham group. Histology showed tubular epithelial necrosis in the medulla and cortex in the I/R group. In the S.O.e + I/R group, S.O.e pretreatment attenuated the I/R-induced increases in BUN, creatinine, MDA, and proinflammatory cytokines induced, SOD was maintained, and histology showed discontinuous necrosis in the medulla but no necrosis in the cortex. Conclusions. S.O.e was neither hepatotoxic nor nephrotoxic. S.O.e. pretreatment showed a nephroprotective effect against I/R

Resección hepática en niños. Diez años de experiencia

Se revisó la experiencia obtenida en 11 resecciones hepáticas hechas en niños en los últimos 10 años. Se investigaron los datos clínicos y los resultados de los estudios de gabinete y laboratorio. Se describe la técnica quirúrgica empleada y las variedades histológicas encontradas; entre las que el hepatoblastoma fue la frecuente. No hubo ningún deceso relacionado con el acto quirúrgico

Clinical and Immunologic Efficacy of the Recombinant Adenovirus Type-5-Vectored (CanSino Bio) Vaccine in University Professors during the COVID-19 Delta Wave

Information regarding the efficacy of the recombinant adenovirus type-5-vectored (CanSino Bio) vaccine against the COVID-19 disease in a real-life setting is limited. A retrospective cohort study was carried out in the teaching university community of the metropolitan area of Monterrey, Mexico, through a four-section survey, and during the COVID-19 delta wave. Determination of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein was performed in a subset of participants vaccinated with CanSino Bio. A total of 7468 teachers responded to the survey, and 6695 of them were fully vaccinated. Of those, 72.7% had CanSino Bio, 10.3% Pfizer, 8.4% AstraZeneca, 1.2% Moderna, and 2.7% others. Symptomatic breakthrough infections were recorded in those vaccinated with CanSino Bio (4.1%), AstraZeneca (2.1%), and Pfizer (2.2%). No difference was found between CanSino Bio and other vaccines regarding hospitalization, the need for mechanical ventilation, and death. For CanSino Bio recipients, anti-S antibodies were >50 AU/mL in 73.2%. In conclusion, primary breakthrough symptomatic infections were higher in the CanSino vaccinated group compared to other brands. Individuals with a previous infection had higher antibody levels than those who were reinfected and without infection. A boosted dose of CanSino is recommended for those individuals without a previous infection