The burden of diabetes in America: a data-driven analysis using power BI

Background: High blood glucose levels in diabetes lead to devastating damage to the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and nerves. It affects millions of Americans and costs the healthcare system billions of dollars. The disease’s causes, risk factors, and effective prevention and treatment methods are still unknown despite its prevalence. Methods: This descriptive study used US census and CDC data to describe diabetes in America. The US census and CDC provided this study’s population and diabetes data. This study used two datasets. The first dataset contains 73054 2020 US population records. This dataset’s second type was strings and decimals, including state, county, and 2020 affected population percentage. Diabetics are represented by 3154 data points. Power BI was used to visualize decision support data. Results: According to our analysis, millions of Americans suffer from diabetes, which costs billions in healthcare costs annually. Diabetes is most prevalent in California, with 28.9 million people affected. Most cases are 45-64 years old, and the number has increased over the past decade. These findings suggest that America’s growing diabetes epidemic requires more resources and facilities. Conclusions: Finally, our study covers diabetes’s prevalence, incidence, and trends in America. Our findings show that America’s growing diabetes epidemic need more money, manpower, and infrastructure. We advise the government to monitor diabetes and plan for future healthcare needs

Prevalence, patterns of clinical presentation, and the outcome of treatment of diabetes mellitus among paediatric patients in a tertiary care facility

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a multi-systemic disease condition characterized by elevated blood glucose level which can be due to relative or absolute deficiency of insulin secretion or action or a combination of both in humans including paediatric patients which disproves the thought that it is a disease of adults alone. Methods: The study was a retrospective descriptive cross-sectional full population study that involved getting the total population of 7880 paediatric patients that presented to the hospital facility within 3-years (from January 2019-December 2021) and from the total population getting the patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. A well-structured proforma was used to collect the relevant data needed from the case files of the patients. Statistical data analysis was done with SPSS version 25. Results: The study showed that out of 7880 paediatric patients that presented to the facility, 20 of them were diagnosed and treated for diabetes mellitus giving a prevalence of 0.25 per 100 patients. The paediatric patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus were aged 8-18years; 11 females and 9 males. This study showed that about 75.0% of the paediatric patients with DM fully recovered following treatment and was subsequently discharged; however about 95% of these patients were lost to follow-up. Conclusions: Adequate measures needs to be put in place to ensure that the management of these patients are highly optimal and does not constitute much financial burden to the caregivers, in order to improve compliance to treatment and hence reducing morbidity and mortality associated with the condition

Addressing substance abuse among healthcare professionals in a tertiary healthcare facility in Nigeria: a case study of Nnamdi Azikiwe university teaching hospital

Background: The use of psychoactive substances is prevalent worldwide, including among healthcare workers whose well-being, productivity, and effectiveness in addressing substance addiction in patients and the wider community can be significantly impacted. However, the extent of substance misuse among healthcare professionals in Nigeria, with its substantial social and public health implications, remains poorly understood. This research focused on the prevalence, attitudes, substances used, and influencing factors regarding substance misuse among staff at Nnamdi Azikiwe university teaching hospital (NAUTH) in Nnewi. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted involving 194 healthcare workers, using a multi-stage sampling method. Data were collected via a semi-structured self-administered questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS version 20. Results were presented in tables, considering p values less than 0.05 as significant. Results: Of the 197 respondents, 63.5% were female and 36.5% male, spanning various professions including doctors, nurses, and other healthcare specialists. Notably, 66% of participants had used substances in their lifetime. Alcohol was the most commonly abused substance, with significant percentages of moderate and high-risk users. Socialization and peer pressure were identified as the predominant factors influencing substance use, with significant statistical associations found between substance use and variables such as profession, sex, and duration of practice. Conclusions: The study highlighted a considerable prevalence of alcohol use among healthcare workers, who generally held a moderate view towards substance misuse and identified socialization and peer pressure as key factors. These findings underscore the pressing need for targeted training and intervention strategies for substance addiction among healthcare workers in Nigeria

Riding under the influence: unravelling substance abuse patterns among motorcyclists in South-Eastern Nigeria

Background: Drug and substance abuse has been outlined as a worldwide problem that is wreaking havoc on both social and public health across many nations. It is a global problem that affects both developed and developing countries. The objective of this study was to assess substance abuse among Okada riders in Nnewi, Anambra State, Eastern Nigeria. Methods: Drug and substance abuse has been outlined as a worldwide problem that is wreaking havoc on both social and public health across many nations. It is a global problem that affects both developed and developing countries. The objective of this study was to assess substance abuse among Okada riders in Nnewi, Anambra State, Eastern Nigeria. Results: About 221 Okada riders were assessed. Majority of them were middle aged. The mean age of the respondents were 39.5±11.1 years, with a range of 19-65 years. About 100% of the respondents were aware of substance abuse. Overall 73.3% of the respondents abuse at least a substance, with alcohol recording the highest use with 93.8% prevalence. About 77.2% of the abusers have taken these drugs before driving, and 65.2% have been involved in an accident, however only 5.4% admitted it was as a result of substance used. Conclusions: The prevalence of substances use among Okada riders in Nnewi was high. There was however a high awareness of the negative consequences of use of substance. Non-governmental organizations should target Okada riders for interpersonal communication interventions to help mitigate the use of substances

Knowledge, attitude and practices about hypertension amongst adult residents in South-Eastern Nigeria

Background: Hypertension (HTN) is a global public health concern and has been identified as the leading risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence, knowledge, attitude and practices regarding HTN amongst adult residents in South-Eastern Nigeria. Aims: The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence, knowledge, attitude and practices regarding HTN amongst adult residents in South Eastern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted amongst male and female adult residents of Anaocha local government area, Anambra State, South-Eastern Nigeria, 18 years and above. Data was collected using a pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire amongst 296 adults. Blood pressures and the body mass index of those found to be hypertensive were obtained. Results were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. Results: The mean age was 41.7 years, with 55.1% being females and 44.9% males. The prevalence of HTN was 30%. Overall, 53.28% of the respondents had good knowledge of HTN, although knowledge of the risk factors was lower (43.41%), while 80.24% had good attitude and 62.16% had good practices regarding HTN. Gender showed a significant association with level of knowledge of HTN. Only tribe and occupation were associated with attitude of the respondents towards HTN. Practice regarding HTN showed no association with any of the socio-demographic factors. Conclusion: The study found an acceptable level of knowledge, attitude and practices regarding HTN amongst the respondents. The prevalence of HTN amongst the study group was high and more work needs to be done to improve awareness and reduce HTN risk factors amongst the people