Weaving indigenous agricultural knowledge with formal education to enhance community food security : school competition as a pedagogical space in rural Anchetty, India

In communities from the remote rural regions of Anchetty, young learners’ informal learning experiences often come through interactions with local agriculture and the environment in which they and their families work and learn. These informal learning experiences are essential to what are otherwise called ‘indigenous knowledge systems’. For primary school students in Anchetty, the ways in which they engage in learning community-based agricultural knowledge are challenged by school-based formal education processes. Using a school competition as a pedagogical strategy for integrative space, this paper supports and explores the meaning and characteristics of indigenous agricultural knowledge (IAK)

Markets for jobs and their task overlap

We show that tightness in markets for jobs for which an unemployed job seeker fully qualifies in terms of her task competencies is predictive of her unemployment duration. This suggests that the labour market is organized along jobs and their task content. We also find that unemployed job seekers do not compete in markets where they possess only part of the required task competencies, suggesting that task overlap across jobs is unimportant for worker mobility between job markets. This implies that adverse task-biased shocks are likely to have pronounced distributional consequences across workers with different task competencies. To illustrate this, we quantify the impact of technological progress that automates routine tasks, showing that this imposes substantial adjustment costs that are highly unevenly distributed across unemployed job seekers with routine versus non-routine task competencies

Firm-Level Automation: Evidence from the Netherlands

Studying firm-level adjustments is important for understanding the economic effects of workplace automation. So far, emerging firm-level evidence is focused on robotics and the manufacturing sector. In this paper, we document that the adoption of automation technologies extends beyond manufacturing firms. We identify firm-level automation events and show that automating firms experience faster employment and revenue growth than do nonautomating firms. However, around automation events themselves, employment growth slows markedly. Notably, we find that these effects are similar for manufacturing and nonmanufacturing firms, suggesting that an increasing diffusion of automation technology has important consequences for firms and their workers

Routine-Biased technical change: Individual-Level evidence from a plant closure

Routine-biased technical change (RBTC) argues that digitisation decreases job opportunities for workers with routine task competencies, but increases job opportunities for workers with nonroutine task competencies. While there is considerable evidence for RBTC at the aggregate level, its effects on individual workers are yet to be fully understood. Therefore, this paper uses unique survey data of workers at a large car plant who became unemployed when the plant closed. In line with the RBTC hypothesis, we find that re-employment probabilities 1,5 years after the plant's closure are substantially higher for workers with nonroutine task competencies and with digital skills. Moreover, for the subset of individuals who were re-employed 1,5 years after the plant's closure, we find that the nonroutine content of job tasks is higher, wages are lower, and contracts are less permanent. Finally, our paper shows that a crude age-based early retirement policy that was negotiated as part of the plant's closure and that ignores workers’ skills, results in significant foregone employment of older workers with nonroutine task competencies

Technology implementation within enterprises and changes in the educational and age composition of enterprise workforces

This study examines how technology implementation within enterprises impacts the education and age composition of workforces, enterprise entrants and enterprise leavers. We advance the literature on the labor market consequences of technological change by focusing on the impact within workplaces where it is implemented, rather than making inferences from aggregate labor structural changes. We use large-scale Dutch matched employer–employee panel data to directly measure technology implementation within over 37,000 enterprises during the period 2000–2014. We find that the implementation of technology is associated with a decrease in the proportion of lower educated workers in enterprise workforces, and an increase in the proportion of middle educated workers. Interestingly, we find the proportion of workers aged 50+ increases with the implementation of technology, while the proportion of workers aged below 30 decreases. These changes seem to result from changes in the educational and age composition of enterprise entrants, rather than from changes in enterprise leavers

Technology implementation within enterprises and job ending among employees: A study of the role of educational attainment, organizational tenure, age and unionization

This study examines how technology implementation within workplaces impacts job ending among employees. We advance the literature on the labor market consequences of new technologies by focusing on their impact within workplaces where they are implemented, rather than inferring from aggregate labor structural changes. We also address how the impact of technology differs depending on workers education, organizational tenure and age. Using large-scale Dutch matched employer-employee panel data directly measuring technology implementation, we find that technology implementation is associated with an overall decrease in the probability of job ending. In line with the skill biased technological change hypothesis, higher educational attainment is associated with lower probabilities of job ending. Furthermore, we find older workers (around 50+) and workers with longer organizational tenure (around 12+ years) to have a higher probability of job ending when technology is implemented. Finally, we do not find the effects of technology implementation to differ depending on the union density of the industry in which an enterprise operates

CONCEPТUAL PRINCIPLES OF LIFELONG LEARNING IN THE CONTEXT OF A SYNERGETIC PARADIGM OF EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

Abstract: The need for continuously raising modern labour market requirements to professional skills in the scientific and technological progress was revealed. Under the circumstances, the formation of lifelong learning, transfer of knowledge from one generation to another is becoming topical. The nature of lifelong education and its components was highlighted. Particular attention was given to higher education, which occupies an important place in the system of lifelong education, in the formation of the main productive force of society. Emphasis was put on the fact that the problem of its formation and development gets great attention in Western Europe. The features of lifelong learning in several European countries were revealed. The rationale was provded for further enhancement of lifelong learning, including the formation of a paradigm of educational environment and more efficient use of the synergetic approach for this purpose

THE SOCIAL SPHERE AS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR OF THE REVIVAL OF RURAL AREAS: CONDITION, PROBLEMS, SOLUTIONS

Abstract: As emphasized by the authors the Ukrainian village, unfortunately, continues to remain in decay. The number of villages in the country decreases every year. Among the reasons for this negative phenomenon one can mention a complex of living conditions, professional and cultural isolation, the turnover of the young staff. The article presents data on the number of rural settlements where there are no children, youth. The authors focus on the complex of social problems in rural areas. Particular attention is paid to the analysis and assessment of the social sphere, on the basis of which it was concluded that no link of the social sphere now meets the real needs of the population. It is noted that the rural housing stock is worn out both physically and mentally, has a low level of comfort. It is also noted that the problem of improvement of rural settlements remains urgent. Unsatisfactory state of living conditions in rural areas, water supply of rural residents have a negative impact on their health. The data is provided on the significant reduction of rural establishments, where villagers could get medical care or health services. It is noted that the main medical facility here is the obstetric point. But, as follows from the above analysis, the network of these facilities is reduced. The authors reveal in detail the features of the rural educational environment. In particular, it is noted that not all the rural areas can provide the locals with the necessary educational services. The role of culture in the revival of rural areas is also emphasized and the current state of this sector is analyzed. The necessity of a comprehensive approach to the further development of the rural social sphere as an important factor in the revival of rural areas, improvement of living conditions in rural areas, the attractiveness of rural areas, especially for young people, and the ways to achieve this are grounded