27 research outputs found

    Chemokin-Interaktionen bei der Chemotaxis von Leukozyten

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    Chemokines play a central role in many inflammatory diseases, including atherosclerosis. Their function is tightly regulated. Exemplary studies had shown that chemokines interact with other chemokines and CKBPs. However, the validity of a comprehensive chemokine interactome as regulatory mechanism and therapeutic target had not been investigated. In project 1, we tested all human chemokines for heterodimeric interactions by solid-phase assays and SPR and structurally analyzed the interaction of example pairs by NMR spectroscopy. We then investigated the function of these pairs by transmigration and endothelial arrest assays. We confirmed that CC-chemokines form synergistic CC-type heterodimers, whereas CXC-chemokines form inhibitory CXC-type dimers. We then designed small peptide inhibitors to disrupt chemokine heterodimers and covalently linked obligate chemokine heterodimers to prove the validity of the chemokine interactome in mouse models of acute lung injury and atherosclerosis. In project 2, we extended the chemokine interactome to another molecular entity, glycan-binding galectins. We found that Gal-1 and 3 interact specifically with several chemokines. We established the structural model of a CXCL12/Gal-3 heterodimer by NMR spectroscopy and showed that Gal-3 inhibits CXCL12- induced immune cell recruitment in vitro and in vivo. Both studies support the concept of the chemokine interactome as a general principle in immunoregulation. The data may provide the basis for the design of powerful and specific therapies for chronic inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis.Chemokine sind entscheidend an der Entstehung entzündlicher Erkrankungen wie Atherosklerose beteiligt. Sie unterliegen genauen regulatorischen Mechanismen. Einige Studien konnten beispielhaft zeigen, dass Chemokine mit anderen Chemokinen und Chemokin-bindenden Proteinen interagieren. Allerdings wurde bisher nicht nachgewiesen, dass diese Interaktionen Teil eines regulatorischen Mechanismus für die Mehrzahl der Chemokine im Sinne eines Chemokin- Interaktoms sind und damit einen Therapieansatz darstellen. In Projekt 1 untersuchten wir alle menschlichen Chemokine mit Hilfe von Festphasen- Immunassays und Oberflächenplasmonresonanz auf die Bildung von Chemokin- Heterodimeren hin und analysierten einige Paare mit Kernspinresonanzspektroskopie strukturell. Darüber hinaus untersuchten wir die funktionellen Auswirkungen der Paarbildung in Transmigrationsversuchen und endothelialen Arrestassays. Wir bestätigten, dass CC-Chemokine funktionell synergistische Heterodimere vom CC-Typ, CXC-Chemokine hingegen inhibitorische Dimere vom CXC-Typ bilden. Wir entwickelten Inhibitoren auf Peptidbasis, die die Bildung von Chemokin-Heterodimeren verhindern, und kovalent verknüpfte obligate Chemokin-Heterodimere, um die Wirkung von Chemokin-Heterodimeren in vivo anhand von Mausmodellen des akuten Lungenversagens und der Atherosklerose zu beweisen. In Projekt 2 erweiterten wir das Chemokin-Interaktom um die Gruppe der glykan-bindenden Galektine. Wir fanden heraus, dass Gal-1 und Gal-3 spezifisch mit einer Reihe von Chemokinen interagieren. Wir entwarfen ein Strukturmodell der Interaktion von CXCL12 und Gal-3 mit Hilfe von Kernspinresonanzspektroskopie und konnten zeigen, dass Gal- 3 die CXCL12-vermittelte Chemotaxis von Leukozyten in vitro und in vivo hemmt. Beide Arbeiten unterstützen die Hypothese, dass das Chemokin-Interaktom ein allgemeingültiger Mechanismus zur Immunregulation ist. Unsere Ergebnisse 41 könnten grundsätzlich zur Entwicklung von effektiven und spezifisch wirksamen Therapien für chronisch-entzündliche Erkrankungen wie Atherosklerose beitragen

    Chemokines and galectins form heterodimers to modulate inflammation

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    Chemokines and galectins are simultaneously upregulated and mediate leukocyte recruitment during inflammation. Until now, these effector molecules have been considered to function independently. Here, we tested the hypothesis that they form molecular hybrids. By systematically screening chemokines for their ability to bind galectin‐1 and galectin‐3, we identified several interacting pairs, such as CXCL12 and galectin‐3. Based on NMR and MD studies of the CXCL12/galectin‐3 heterodimer, we identified contact sites between CXCL12 β‐strand 1 and Gal‐3 F‐face residues. Mutagenesis of galectin‐3 residues involved in heterodimer formation resulted in reduced binding to CXCL12, enabling testing of functional activity comparatively. Galectin‐3, but not its mutants, inhibited CXCL12‐induced chemotaxis of leukocytes and their recruitment into the mouse peritoneum. Moreover, galectin‐3 attenuated CXCL12‐stimulated signaling via its receptor CXCR4 in a ternary complex with the chemokine and receptor, consistent with our structural model. This first report of heterodimerization between chemokines and galectins reveals a new type of interaction between inflammatory mediators that can underlie a novel immunoregulatory mechanism in inflammation. Thus, further exploration of the chemokine/galectin interactome is warranted

    Search for single production of vector-like quarks decaying into Wb in pp collisions at s=8\sqrt{s} = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

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    Measurements of top-quark pair differential cross-sections in the eμe\mu channel in pppp collisions at s=13\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV using the ATLAS detector

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    Measurement of the charge asymmetry in top-quark pair production in the lepton-plus-jets final state in pp collision data at s=8TeV\sqrt{s}=8\,\mathrm TeV{} with the ATLAS detector

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    Search for dark matter in association with a Higgs boson decaying to bb-quarks in pppp collisions at s=13\sqrt s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

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    Measurement of the W boson polarisation in ttˉt\bar{t} events from pp collisions at s\sqrt{s} = 8 TeV in the lepton + jets channel with ATLAS

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    Measurement of the bbb\overline{b} dijet cross section in pp collisions at s=7\sqrt{s} = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

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    ATLAS Run 1 searches for direct pair production of third-generation squarks at the Large Hadron Collider

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    Charged-particle distributions at low transverse momentum in s=13\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV pppp interactions measured with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

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