Catalogue of the vascular plants frorn the Ciudad Universitaria de Madrid (Spain)

GAvítAN, R., EcHEvARRíA, JE. & CASAS, 1. [992. Catálogo de la flora vascular de la Ciudad Universitaria de Madrid (España). Bat. Complutensis J8: 175-201 Se presenta un listado de 421 táxones (pertenecientes a 52 familias) presentes en la Ciudad Universitaria de Madrid (España). Este elenco engloba, además de flora espontánea, plantas naturalizadas y adventicias. Se indican para cada especie su biótipo, distribución corológica, tipo de sustrato y caracterización fitosociológica. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que los terófitos tienen un mayor porcentaje de presencia frente al resto, debido -probablemente- a la influencia humana; los elementos mediterráneos se encuentran en proporción similar a los de amplia distribución; la mayoría de los táxones son indiferentes al tipo de sustrato geológico; las comunidades vegetales más abundantes son las anuales y/o ruderales. Un importante numero de táxones se consideran extintos para esta flora por las obras de ampliación de la carretera circunvalatoria, M-30. Por último, se ha seleccionado un conjunto de edafo-indicadores'.GAvILAN, R., EcHEvARRíA, JE. & CAsAs, 1. 1992. Vascular tloristic catalogue of the Ciudad Universitaria of Madrid (Spain). Bat. Cotnplutensis 18: 175-201 A list of 421 taxa belonging to 52 families, from the Ciudad Universitaria of Madrid (Spain) is presented. Spontaneous, naturalized and adventitious plants have been recorded. Life-form, chorological area, soil type and phytosociological characterization are reponed for each species. The results show that therophytes are the most abundant, probably due to the anthropic influence. Mediterranean elements have been found having similar presence than those with wider distribution (Cosmopolitan, Eurasiatic, ..). Most of the taxa are indifferent to geological substratum. Ruderal and annual are the most common community types. It must be also remarked that some of tho.se taxa have probably dissapeared from this area because of works on the M-30 ring road. Finally, a selected list of pedo-indicators taxa is included. Este trabajo se ha realizado en el marco del Proyecto de Investigación financiado por la Consejería de Educación de la Comunidad de Madrid n' CO 12/90. Botánica Complutensis 18:175-201. Edit. Universidad Complulense 1993 176 Rosario Gavilán, man E. Echevarría & lnntarulada Casa

Genetic Characterization of Rubella Virus Strains Detected in Spain, 1998-2014

The National Plan for the Elimination of Rubella was implemented in Spain in 2008 using the logistics of the National Plan for the Elimination of Measles that have been employed since year 2000. Molecular characterization of rubella virus (RUBV) is important for disease surveillance and for monitoring elimination of the disease throughout the world. We describe the first complete series of data regarding the circulation of RUBV genotypes in Spain. The 739-nucleotide fragment designated by the WHO for RUBV genotyping was sequenced in 88 selected cases collected from 1998 to 2014. Five genotypes were identified: 1E, 2B, 1J, 1I, and 1a. Genotype 1E was predominant between 1998 and 2003 but was replaced by genotype 2B, which was detected in sporadic cases in 2004, 2006, 2008, 2012, 2013 and 2014. There was an outbreak of genotype 2B in Algeciras (Andalusia) in 2008. Genotype 1J caused an outbreak in Madrid in 2004/2005 and sporadic cases in 2005 and 2007. Genotype 1I was found to have infected an immune-suppressed patient with neurological symptoms in 2008. Finally, vaccine strain RA 27/3 was detected in three sporadic cases, two of them immune-suppressed and without a recent history of vaccination. This suggests that during these years there were a series of imported sporadic cases and outbreaks, confirming the findings of epidemiological data analysis. The importation sources were generally consistent with our geographic and cultural ties, mainly with Europe (genotypes 1E, 2B, 1I) and Latin America (1J)

Detection of rhabdovirus viral RNA in oropharyngeal swabs and ectoparasites of spanish bats

Rhabdoviruses infect a variety of hosts, including mammals, birds, reptiles, fish, insects and plants. As bats are the natural host for most members of the genus Lyssavirus, the specificity of the amplification methods used for active surveillance is usually restricted to lyssaviruses. However, the presence of other rhabdoviruses in bats has also been reported. In order to broaden the scope of such methods, a new RT-PCR, able to detect a diverse range of rhabdoviruses, was designed. The method detected 81 of 86 different rhabdoviruses. In total, 1488 oropharyngeal bat swabs and 38 nycteribiid samples were analysed, and 17 unique rhabdovirus-related sequences were detected. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that those sequences detected in bats did not constitute a monophyletic group, even when originating from the same bat species. However, all of the sequences detected in nycteribiids and one sequence obtained from a bat did constitute a monophyletic group with Drosophila melanogaster sigma rhabdovirus. © 2013 Crown.Peer Reviewe

Discovery of an Ebolavirus-Like Filovirus in Europe

Filoviruses, amongst the most lethal of primate pathogens, have only been reported as natural infections in sub-Saharan Africa and the Philippines. Infections of bats with the ebolaviruses and marburgviruses do not appear to be associated with disease. Here we report identification in dead insectivorous bats of a genetically distinct filovirus, provisionally named Lloviu virus, after the site of detection, Cueva del Lloviu, in Spain

Comparison of circulation patterns of mumps virus in the Netherlands and Spain (2015–2020)

BackgroundMumps is a viral infection mainly characterized by inflammation of the parotid glands. Despite of vaccination programs, infections among fully vaccinated populations were reported. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends molecular surveillance of mumps based on sequencing of the small hydrophobic (SH) gene. The use of hypervariable non-coding regions (NCR) as additional molecular markers was proposed in multiple studies. Circulation of mumps virus (MuV) genotypes and variants in different European countries were described in the literature. From 2010 to 2020, mumps outbreaks caused by genotype G were described. However, this issue has not been analyzed from a wider geographical perspective. In the present study, sequence data from MuV detected in Spain and in The Netherlands during a period of 5  years (2015- March 2020) were analyzed to gain insights in the spatiotemporal spread of MuV at a larger geographical scale than in previous local studies.MethodsA total of 1,121 SH and 262 NCR between the Matrix and Fusion protein genes (MF-NCR) sequences from both countries were included in this study. Analysis of SH revealed 106 different haplotypes (set of identical sequences).ResultsOf them, seven showing extensive circulation were considered variants. All seven were detected in both countries in coincident temporal periods. A single MF-NCR haplotype was detected in 156 sequences (59.3% of total), and was shared by five of the seven SH variants, as well as three minor MF-NCR haplotypes. All SH variants and MF-NCR haplotypes shared by both countries were detected first in Spain.DiscussionOur results suggest a transmission way from south to north Europe. The higher incidence rate of mumps in Spain in spite of similar immunization coverage in both countries, could be associated with higher risk of MuV exportation. In conclusion, the present study provided novel insights into the circulation of MuV variants and haplotypes beyond the borders of single countries. In fact, the use of MF-NCR molecular tool allowed to reveal MuV transmission flows between The Netherlands and Spain. Similar studies including other (European) countries are needed to provide a broader view of the data presented in this study

New Adenovirus Groups in Western Palaearctic Bats

In the context of long-term screening for viruses on Western Palaearctic bats, we tested for the presence of adenovirus 1392 oropharyngeal swabs and 325 stool samples taken from 27 bat species. Adenoviruses were detected in 12 species of the Vespertilionidae and the Rhinolophidae families. Fifty positive respiratory and 26 positive stool samples were studied. Phylogenetic analyses of partial hexon protein and partial DNA-dependent DNA polymerase genes indicate that all these bat adenoviruses belong to the genus Mastadenovirus but without constituting a monophyletic cluster. According to genetic identities, the new groups are distinct to the previously described Bat mastadenovirus A and B species and contribute with potentially new members. Our data support that diversity of bat mastadenovirus is host-dependent and increase the knowledge of potentially pathogenic virus from bats. Due to the active role of bats as viral reservoirs, the characterization of these viruses is relevant for Public Health.This project was financially supported by an agreement between the Public Health Department of the Spanish Ministry of Health and the Instituto de Salud Carlos III for the development of "Rabies Surveillance in Spain" and by projects SAF 2006-12784-C02-01, SAF 2006-12784-C02-02, SAF 2009-09172 and SAF2013-47194-P of the General Research Programme of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Education

Endemic Circulation of European Bat Lyssavirus Type 1 in Serotine Bats, Spain

To determine the presence of European bat lyssavirus type 1 in southern Spain, we studied 19 colonies of serotine bats (Eptesicus isabellinus), its main reservoir, during 1998–2003. Viral genome and antibodies were detected in healthy bats, which suggests subclinical infection. The different temporal patterns of circulation found in each colony indicate independent endemic circulation

La vigilancia de la rubeola congénita: epidemiología, clínica, diagnóstico y características maternas de los recién nacidos con síndrome de rubeola congénita, España 1997-2016

[ES] Con una población altamente inmunizada, la infección por rubeola es tan baja que la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) ha declarado su eliminación en España. La rubeola en gestantes también es muy rara. Nuestro objetivo es describir los últimos casos de síndrome de rubeola congénita (SRC) notificados y recomendar acciones para mantener la eliminación. Se estudiaron los SRC notificados a la Red Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica (RENAVE) entre 1997 y 2016. Se describen la epidemiología, la clínica, el diagnóstico y las características maternas de los recién nacidos con SRC. Se calculó la incidencia de SRC utilizando la Estadística de Nacimientos del Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE). Se notificaron 23 casos de SRC, el 70% asociado a brotes de rubeola. La clínica más común fue enfermedad cardiaca (52,2%), sordera (39,1%) y cataratas (30,4%); el 91,3% de casos se confirmaron por laboratorio. El 70,0% nacieron de madre extranjera no vacunada, residente en España (incidencia acumulada (IA): 1,1/100.000 nacimientos), procedente de África (36,0%), Latinoamérica (29,0%), Europa del Este (21,0%) y Asia (14,0%). Seis nacieron de madre española (IA: 0,08/100.000 nacimientos), los dos últimos en 2005. La mayoría de SRC nacieron de mujeres inmigrantes no vacunadas contagiadas en España durante un brote de rubeola. La vacunación universal en la infancia es la estrategia más eficiente para prevenir la rubeola. La escasa circulación del virus conducirá rápidamente a la pérdida de conciencia sobre la rubeola entre clínicos y epidemiólogos. Hay que mantener protocolos capaces de identificar signos compatibles con rubeola en gestantes y signos sugestivos de rubeola congénita en recién nacidos. [EN] With a highly immunized population, rubella infection is so low that WHO has declared the elimination of rubella in Spain. Rubella in pregnant women is also very rare. The objective of this study is to describe the last reported cases of congenital rubella syndrome and recommend actions to maintain the elimination status. The CRS reported to the National Epidemiological Surveillance Network between 1997 and 2016 were studied. The epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic and maternal characteristics of newborns with CRS were described. The incidence of CRS was calculated using the Birth Statistics of the INE. Twenty-three cases of CRS were reported, 70% associated with outbreaks of rubella. The most common clinical conditions were heart disease (52.2%), deafness (39.1%) and cataracts (30.4%); 91.3% of cases were confirmed by laboratory. 70.0% were born from a non-vaccinated foreign mother, resident in Spain (cumulative incidence (AI): 1.1/100,000 births), coming from Africa (36.0%), Latin America (29.0%), Europe from East (21.0%) and Asia (14.0%). Six were born to a Spanish mother (AI: 0.08/100,000 births), the last two cases in 2005. The majority of SRC were born to unvaccinated immigrant women infected in Spain during a rubella outbreak. Universal vaccination in childhood is the most efficient strategy to prevent rubella. The limited circulation of the virus will quickly lead to the loss of awareness about rubella among clinicians and epidemiologists. It is necessary to maintain protocols capable of identifying signs compatible with rubella in pregnant women and signs suggestive of congenital rubella in newborns

The MARAS dataset, vegetation and soil characteristics of dryland rangelands across Patagonia

We present the MARAS (Environmental Monitoring of Arid and Semiarid Regions) dataset, which stores vegetation and soil data of 426 rangeland monitoring plots installed throughout Patagonia, a 624.500 km2 area of southern Argentina and Chile. Data for each monitoring plot includes basic climatic and landscape features, photographs, 500 point intercepts for vegetation cover, plant species list and biodiversity indexes, 50-m line-intercept transect for vegetation spatial pattern analysis, land function indexes drawn from 11 measures of soil surface characteristics and laboratory soil analysis (pH, conductivity, organic matter, N and texture). Monitoring plots were installed between 2007 and 2019, and are being reassessed at 5-year intervals (247 have been surveyed twice). The MARAS dataset provides a baseline from which to evaluate the impacts of climate change and changes in land use intensity in Patagonian ecosystems, which collectively constitute one of the world´s largest rangeland areas. This dataset will be of interest to scientists exploring key ecological questions such as biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships, plant-soil interactions and climatic controls on ecosystem structure and functioning.Setup of the network was funded by by the Project GEF Patagonia PNUD ARG 07/G35 (2008–2014) “Sustainable Management of Arid and Semiarid systems for desertification control in Patagonia” Argentina. Further funding was assigned by INTA Project Observatorios de Sustentabilidad Rural PNNAT-1128035, Fundación Argeninta Proyecto Observatorio de (2015–2016) and Ley 25.422 para la Recuperación de la Ganadería Ovina (2017–2019) of Argentina. Erwin Domínguez was funded by Ministerio de Agricultura through the “Sistemas de Praderas Estepáricas de Zonas Frías de Chile” Project 502093-70. Fernando T. Maestre acknowledges support from the European Research Council (ERC Grant agreements 242658 [BIOCOM] and 647038 [BIODESERT]) and by Generalitat Valenciana (BIOMORES project, CIDEGENT/2018/041)

HIV coinfection predicts failure of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir in treatment-naïve noncirrhotic patients with HCV genotype

The efficacy of licensed direct-acting antiviral (DAA) regimens is assumed to be the same for hepatitis C virus (HCV)–monoinfected patients (HCV-Mono) and HIV/HCV-coinfected patients (HCV-Co). However, the high sustained viral response (SVR) rates of DAA regimens and the small number of HIV-infected patients included in registration trials have made it difficult to identify predictors of treatment failure, including the presence of HIV. Methods. We compared treatment outcomes for ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF) against HCV G1 in treatment-naïve HCV-Mono and HCV-Co without cirrhosis in a prospective registry of individuals receiving DAAs for HCV. Results. Up to September 2017, a total of 17 269 patients were registered, and 1358 patients (1055 HCV-Mono/303 HCV-Co) met the inclusion criteria. Significant differences between HCV-Mono and HCV-Co were observed for age, gender, and G1 subtype distribution. Among HCV-Co, 99.0% were receiving antiretroviral therapy. SVR rates for LDV/SOF at 8 weeks did not differ significantly between HCV-Mono and HCV-Co (96.9% vs 94.0%; P = .199). However, the SVR rate for LDV/SOF at 12 weeks was significantly higher for HCV-Mono than HCV-Co (97.2% vs 91.8%; P = .001). A multivariable logistic regression model including age, sex, liver stiffness, G1 subtype, HCV-RNA, HIV, and treatment duration showed the factors associated with treatment failure to be male sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27–4.91; P = .008) and HIV infection (aOR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.13–4.38; P = .020). Conclusions. The results of this large prospective study analyzing outcomes for LDV/SOF against HCV G1 in treatment-naïve noncirrhotic patients suggest that HIV infection is a predictor of treatment failure in patients with chronic hepatitis C.This work was supported by the Spanish AIDS Research Network (RD16/0025/0017), which is included in the Spanish I+D+I Plan and is co-financed by ISCIII-Subdirección General de Evaluacion and European Funding for Regional Development (FEDER), and the Fondo de Investigación de Sanidad en España (FIS)/Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Spanish Health Research Funds; PI17/00657)