2 research outputs found
Urban sprawl in Iranian cities and its differences with the western sprawl
Recently a number of studies have focused on urban sprawl in the Iranian
cities and the negative impacts of such development pattern. Although in a
general view the phrase “urban sprawl” is used for fast and sometimes
uncontrolled urbanizations, but there are dissimilarities between the urban
sprawl in the western societies with the so-called Iranian urban sprawl. This
paper discusses these differences as part of five main aspects that are
mentioned in the internationally recognized urban sprawl definitions.
Suburban sprawl, single-use developments/zoning, disconnected street network,
low accessibility of the new developments, and commercial strip development
are the aspects that are descriptively discussed as the main differences
between the two types of sprawl. The main point of the discussion is that due
to the wide range of similarities, which are briefly introduced, the type of
the fast outward urban growth that is observed in the periphery of the
Iranian cities can be defined as a part of the universal urban sprawl trend.
Finally a definition is suggested for explaining urban sprawl in Iran
A new approach to the Iranian urban planning, using neo-traditional development
In order to find the possible uses of the traditional urbanism in solving the modern
urban problems, some of the contemporary urban problems that were likely to be
partly or completely solved were targeted in chapter 1. The two research questions
that were going to be answered were 1) which characteristics of the traditional
Iranian urbanism can we use to solve some of the modern urban problems of the
country? and 2) How can the effective traditional city characteristics be applied to
ease some of the modern problems?
Before studying the Iranian cities, the similar experiences in other countries and
cultures were considered. The neo-traditional trends, practices, and built
communities were discussed so that the nature of the research is determined. For
example it was explained how the compact and traditional urban form was used to
control urban sprawl in North America. Apart from the practical background, the
theoretical aspects were reviewed. These theoretical bases were the interactions of
built environment with urban transportation and environment.
Before starting the main body of the research, the previous researches on the
traditional urbanism including urban form, the main elements of the Iranian city, and
the historical views of the urban growth were discussed. Also some of the
neighbourhood infrastructures were described to make the foreign reader familiar
with the Middle Eastern urban architecture.
The main research methods that were used were direct observation, literature review,
and Space Syntax theory. The theoretical bases and applications of SS were
explained in chapter 6.
Two case study cities were selected to be studied; Yazd and Kashan that both are
located in the center of Iran. The studied cities contain a population of 400000 and
270000 so the results are generalized for the cities with the same range of population
in similar climates and geographical conditions. Such cities are mostly mid-sized
cities or small large cities in the south, east, and center of the country and also some
parts of the western provinces. The historical urban growth, population growth, the
typology of the constructions in the historical core and the new developments,
mobility flows in the new and old textures, neighborhood organization,
Neighborhood unit centers, and the hierarchy of the street networks of the two cities
were studied.
The first research question was answered by defining the main characteristics of the
traditional Iranian city. To answer the second question, solutions in form of general
strategies were discussed. Each of the suggested strategies can be implemented via
some practical ideas. The study was started by the following hypothesis: “There are
tips in the traditional Iranian city that have the capability to be used in contemporary
Iranian cities to improve the related conditions of urban transportation, environment,
energy use, and land consumption”. At the final stage of the work, it became
apparent that the hypothesis is true because the possibilities and circumstances of
using the traditional specifications and values became clear