Investigating the Effective Factors on the Needle Stick Injuries and Personnel’s Approach in Bahar Medical Education Center in Shahroud During 2009-2018

Background: The aim of the study was to determine the causes and rate of needle stick injuries among Bahar Hospital in Shahroud during 2009-2018. Methods: This is a descriptive case series study conducted in Bahar educational and research center in Shahroud. The study population included all health care workers and service staff during 2009-2018. Census sampling was performed using health care records of the medical and paramedical group (individual at risk of occupational exposure) from the beginning of January 2009 to the end of December 2018. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics (absolute and relative frequency), and t-test and analysis of variances for quantitative values. Results: A total of 246 cases of needle sticks were reported in ten years. Most cases belonged to bachelor's staff (69.1%), nursing job group (69.5%), emergency department and labor (28.9%), equipment of injections (75.6%), injections (45.5%), carelessness (37%), recapping  (24.8%), and at night shift (51.6%) were observed. Bleeding from the injured site was the most common post-exposure action (44.3%). Conclusions: Considering the high prevalence of needle stick among health care workers, instruction of prevention methods, holding educational classes, emphasizing on vaccination, controlling HBV antibody titer, and designing a precise reporting mechanism for personnel is necessary. Keywords: Needle Stick, Health Care Workers, Incidence, Iran

The Prevalence of Mental Disorders (Depression and Anxiety) and its Related Factors Among the Elderlies in Bastam, 2018

Background:  Depression and anxiety are common problems in the elderly, which also causes disability and physical illness. The aim of this study is to investigate The Prevalence of Mental Disorders (Depression and Anxiety) and factors affecting them among the elderlies of Bastam city. Method: This study is a descriptive cross-sectional study. By referring to Bastam Health Center, 262 adults aged 60 and over were selected by simple random sampling method. Depression and anxiety in the elderly were measured using the Geriatric Depression Scale and Beck Anxiety Inventory, respectively. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics including independent t-test, Pearson correlation test and Chi-square test were used. Result: In the present study, 25.6%, 11.1% and 8% of the elderly had mild, moderate and severe depression, respectively. There was no significant difference between depression scores in terms of gender, marital status and employment status (P.V> 0.05); But there was a significant difference between the mean depression scores in terms of underlying disease (P.V <0.001). There was a significant difference between the mean score of anxiety in terms of gender, marital status, occupational status and underlying disease (P.V ≤0.05). There was a direct and significant relationship between age and mean score of depression and anxiety. Also, there was a significant negative correlation between the level of education of the elderly and depression and anxiety scores (P.V ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: Depression and anxiety are prevalent among elderly people in Bastam. Therefore, it is important to address mental health problems, especially depression and anxiety in the elderly, and to identify risk factors among the elderly

The Effects of Stress Management Training on Communication Skills and Attribution Beliefs on Women with Adjustment Disorders

Background: Recognizing the effective factors in marital relationships, control and manage them are among the crucial methods in solving marital problems and achieving marital satisfaction. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of stress management training on communication skills and attribution beliefs on women with adjustment disorders. Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design and a control group. The statistical population included all women with adjustment disorders who were referred to the psychological clinics of district 1 of Tehran in 2020. Thirty women who were willing to participate in the study were selected as the sample using convenience sampling and randomly divided into experimental and control groups (n=15 per group). The experimental group underwent eight sessions (90 minutes sessions per week) of stress management training. The follow-up was performed after 60 days. The research instruments included the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS), the Relationship Attribution Measure (RAM), and the Jarabak Communication Skills Questionnaire (JCSQ). Data analysis was conducted using repeated-measures ANOVA. Results: The results indicated that stress management training improved communication skills and attribution beliefs in women with adjustment disorders (Pvalue=0.0001). Conclusions: Stress management training can be recommended as an intervention program to improve the quality of life of women with adjustment disorders. Keywords: Stress management, Communication, Attribution, Beliefs, Adjustment, Wome

The Effects of Stress Management Training on Communication Skills and Attribution Beliefs on Women with Adjustment Disorders

Background: Recognizing the effective factors in marital relationships, control and manage them are among the crucial methods in solving marital problems and achieving marital satisfaction. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of stress management training on communication skills and attribution beliefs on women with adjustment disorders. Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design and a control group. The statistical population included all women with adjustment disorders who were referred to the psychological clinics of district 1 of Tehran in 2020. Thirty women who were willing to participate in the study were selected as the sample using convenience sampling and randomly divided into experimental and control groups (n=15 per group). The experimental group underwent eight sessions (90 minutes sessions per week) of stress management training. The follow-up was performed after 60 days. The research instruments included the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS), the Relationship Attribution Measure (RAM), and the Jarabak Communication Skills Questionnaire (JCSQ). Data analysis was conducted using repeated-measures ANOVA. Results: The results indicated that stress management training improved communication skills and attribution beliefs in women with adjustment disorders (Pvalue=0.0001). Conclusions: Stress management training can be recommended as an intervention program to improve the quality of life of women with adjustment disorders. Keywords: Stress management, Communication, Attribution, Beliefs, Adjustment, Wome

The Prevalence of Mental Disorders (Depression and Anxiety) and its Related Factors Among the Elderlies in Bastam, 2018

Background:  Depression and anxiety are common problems in the elderly, which also causes disability and physical illness. The aim of this study is to investigate The Prevalence of Mental Disorders (Depression and Anxiety) and factors affecting them among the elderlies of Bastam city. Method: This study is a descriptive cross-sectional study. By referring to Bastam Health Center, 262 adults aged 60 and over were selected by simple random sampling method. Depression and anxiety in the elderly were measured using the Geriatric Depression Scale and Beck Anxiety Inventory, respectively. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics including independent t-test, Pearson correlation test and Chi-square test were used. Result: In the present study, 25.6%, 11.1% and 8% of the elderly had mild, moderate and severe depression, respectively. There was no significant difference between depression scores in terms of gender, marital status and employment status (P.V> 0.05); But there was a significant difference between the mean depression scores in terms of underlying disease (P.V <0.001). There was a significant difference between the mean score of anxiety in terms of gender, marital status, occupational status and underlying disease (P.V ≤0.05). There was a direct and significant relationship between age and mean score of depression and anxiety. Also, there was a significant negative correlation between the level of education of the elderly and depression and anxiety scores (P.V ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: Depression and anxiety are prevalent among elderly people in Bastam. Therefore, it is important to address mental health problems, especially depression and anxiety in the elderly, and to identify risk factors among the elderly

Is the Staple Food Consumed Changes in Diabetics can Affect the Quality of Life? A Parallel Randomized Controlled Trial.

Backgrounds: Diabetes is one of the chronic diseases that need continual medical care and self-care education, as well as nutritional therapy as an integral part of dietary management. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of bulk bread formulated with portulaca oleracea on quality of life (QOL) in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: This parallel randomized controlled trial was conducted on 104 patients with type 2 diabetes. Participants received bulk bread containing 10% portulaca powder for 8 weeks (intervention group); the control group used their normal daily bread.  The quality of life score was estimated in both groups by the use of the Short-form 36-Item (SF-36) questionnaire before the intervention, and 8 weeks after dietary intervention, the quality of life score between both groups was compared. The significant level was set at 0.05. Results: The difference in the mean score of quality of life of the studied units in different dimensions of physical function, role limitation due to physical problems, role limitation due to emotional problems, physical pain, social function, energy and vitality, mental health, general health, and overall quality of life showed that  there was a significant difference in the mean in all dimensions and quality of life, except mental health, was observed in the case group after the intervention. The mean difference in quality of life in different dimensions before and after the intervention in the intervention group is significant. Conclusions: According to the results, it was revealed that consumption bulk bread formulated with portulaca oleracea can promote the quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes. So, it can be concluded that portulaca oleracea as a functional plant can be found in bread as a new treatment and prevention method in patients with diabetes. Keywords: Bread, Portulaca oleracea, Quality of life, Type 2 diabetes.&nbsp

Is the Staple Food Consumed Changes in Diabetics can Affect the Quality of Life? A Parallel Randomized Controlled Trial.

Backgrounds: Diabetes is one of the chronic diseases that need continual medical care and self-care education, as well as nutritional therapy as an integral part of dietary management. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of bulk bread formulated with portulaca oleracea on quality of life (QOL) in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: This parallel randomized controlled trial was conducted on 104 patients with type 2 diabetes. Participants received bulk bread containing 10% portulaca powder for 8 weeks (intervention group); the control group used their normal daily bread.  The quality of life score was estimated in both groups by the use of the Short-form 36-Item (SF-36) questionnaire before the intervention, and 8 weeks after dietary intervention, the quality of life score between both groups was compared. The significant level was set at 0.05. Results: The difference in the mean score of quality of life of the studied units in different dimensions of physical function, role limitation due to physical problems, role limitation due to emotional problems, physical pain, social function, energy and vitality, mental health, general health, and overall quality of life showed that  there was a significant difference in the mean in all dimensions and quality of life, except mental health, was observed in the case group after the intervention. The mean difference in quality of life in different dimensions before and after the intervention in the intervention group is significant. Conclusions: According to the results, it was revealed that consumption bulk bread formulated with portulaca oleracea can promote the quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes. So, it can be concluded that portulaca oleracea as a functional plant can be found in bread as a new treatment and prevention method in patients with diabetes. Keywords: Bread, Portulaca oleracea, Quality of life, Type 2 diabetes.&nbsp

Comparison of the Effects of Cold Compress and Xyla-P Cream on Stress Caused by Venipuncture among Hemodialysis Patients

Background: Stress caused by the insertion of the needle into the arteriovenous fistula is one of the main concerns of hemodialysis patients. Reducing the stress of patients during venipuncture is one of the main goals of nursing care.This study aimed to investigate and compare the effects of Xyla-P cream and cold compress on the severity of stress caused by venipuncture in hemodialysis patients.Methods: This clinical trial was conducted in 50 patients undergoing hemodialysis who were enrolled in the study using simple random sampling.The severity of stress was measured during two successivehemodialysis sessions in three stages including after the application of a placebo, Xyla-P cream, and cold compress. The visual analog scale was used to measure the severity of stress. The data collector and data analyzer were blinded. The collected data were analyzed using analysis of variance with repeated measures.Results: The stress scores were significantly different between the placebo group (6.69±1.66)and Xyla-P cream group (5.43±1.42)(P=0.000) and cold compress group (5.05±1.40)(P=0.000), and between Xyla-P cream group and cold compress group (P=0.026). Conclusions: Cold compress is more effective than Xyla-P cream in reducing the stress. Therefore, nurses are recommended to use this method, instead of medications, for reducing the stress.Conclusions: Cold compress is more effective than Xyla-P cream in reducing the stress. Therefore, nurses are recommended to use this method, instead of medications, for reducing the stress

Evaluation of the Effect of Empowerment Model on Self-Efficacy and Self-Esteem among Diabetic Patients: A Randomized Control Trial Study

Background: Improvement and enhancement level of psychological aspects of patients is important in the control of chronic diseases, especially in diabetes. This study aimed to determine the influence of empowerment model on self-efficacy and self-esteem in patients with diabetes.Methods: This study was a clinical trial comprising 103 patients with diabetes, which were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Empowerment model was considered for the experimental group and routine education was considered for the control group. Applied research tools consisted of demographic data, standardized questionnaire of self-efficacy, and Coppersmith’s self- esteem questionnaire. Results: Before intervention,the two groups were not significantly different in the demographic variables, self-efficacy, and self-esteem scores. There was a significant difference between self-efficacy and self-esteem mean scores of patients, after intervention of the experimental group. Moreover, by using the paired t-test, before and after the intervention, the difference in mean scores of the experimental group was significant.Conclusions: Based on the obtained results, empowerment model has been effective on self-efficacy and self-esteem of diabetes patients. Therefore, empowerment based education planning for diabetic patients is recommended

Comparison of the Effects of Cold Compress and Xyla-P Cream on Stress Caused by Venipuncture among Hemodialysis Patients

Background: Stress caused by the insertion of the needle into the arteriovenous fistula is one of the main concerns of hemodialysis patients. Reducing the stress of patients during venipuncture is one of the main goals of nursing care.This study aimed to investigate and compare the effects of Xyla-P cream and cold compress on the severity of stress caused by venipuncture in hemodialysis patients.Methods: This clinical trial was conducted in 50 patients undergoing hemodialysis who were enrolled in the study using simple random sampling.The severity of stress was measured during two successivehemodialysis sessions in three stages including after the application of a placebo, Xyla-P cream, and cold compress. The visual analog scale was used to measure the severity of stress. The data collector and data analyzer were blinded. The collected data were analyzed using analysis of variance with repeated measures.Results: The stress scores were significantly different between the placebo group (6.69±1.66)and Xyla-P cream group (5.43±1.42)(P=0.000) and cold compress group (5.05±1.40)(P=0.000), and between Xyla-P cream group and cold compress group (P=0.026). Conclusions: Cold compress is more effective than Xyla-P cream in reducing the stress. Therefore, nurses are recommended to use this method, instead of medications, for reducing the stress.Conclusions: Cold compress is more effective than Xyla-P cream in reducing the stress. Therefore, nurses are recommended to use this method, instead of medications, for reducing the stress