A Transcript Analysis of the Graduates of Two Postsecondary Institutions in North Dakota: A General Education Profile

This study examined general education at a university and a community college in North Dakota in regard to purpose, structure, content, core, breadth, and coherence. The purpose of the study was to determine actual general education course-taking patterns by all graduates of the institutions and by differentiated majors. The research methodology was a case study and a profile of actual course-taking patterns as recorded on the transcripts of the 1990 baccalaureate degree graduates of the university and the 1989 and 1990 associate degree graduates at the community college. The profiles of general education coursework at the two institutions were similar. The stated purposes of general education were not directly linked to the general education structure or approved courses. Assessment was not defined. The structure of general education at the two institutions was distributional and spread among four disciplinary fields with some parameters in terms of departments and course selections. The content of the general education coursework completed was largely introductory. Although 50 percent of the total general education enrollments occurred in twenty-seven courses at the university and fourteen courses at the community college, there was an extremely limited pattern of common experiences for all graduates, particularly at the university. Fifty percent of the graduates completed only three courses in common at the university and seven courses in common at the community college. The core of common coursework was greater when differentiated by major; however, the common courses were closely related to the major and not balanced by discipline. Breadth of general education occurred to some degree in social sciences, humanities, and mathematics, but was limited in all other areas. Coursework coherence, measured by sequencing courses according to grade level, demonstrated 50 percent coherence at the community college for freshmen and sophomores but for only seniors at the university.Recommendations from this study included the need to conduct a general education case study at all institutions in the state higher education system, include general education transfer coursework in such a study, review institutional general education policies and practices considering the reported data, and develop general education assessment procedures

Catalytic Combustion of Gasified Coal for Low-Emissions Gas Turbines

In response to the Department of Energy’s (DOE) goals of developing low emission, coal-based power systems, Precision Combustion, Inc. is developing a low, single digit ppm NOx emissions system for high firing temperature IGCC systems. The present paper presents emissions data for syngas and alternate fuels tested successfully. Subscale testing results at 10 atmospheres include NOx emissions meeting DOE\u27s target of 0.01 lbs/MMBtu (3 ppm at 15% O2) and were below this value under some operating conditions during parametric testing

Measurement Of The Complex Nonlinear Refractive-Index Of Single-Crystal P-Toluene Sulfonate At 1064-Nm

Z-scan at 1064 nm was used with single, 35 ps pulses to measure the nonlinear refraction and absorption in single crystal PTS (p-toluene sulfonate). Detailed analysis of the Z-scan data based on DELTAn = n2I + n3I2 and DELTAalpha = alpha2I + alpha3I2 yielded n2 = 5(+/-1) X 10(-12) cm2/W, alpha2 = 100(+/-20) cm/GW, n3 = 5(+/-1)X 10(-21) cm4/W2 and alpha3 = - 5 (+/- 1) cm3/GW.2 The resulting two photon figure of merit T for PTS is marginal for high throughput, all-optical waveguide switching at 1064 nm

Individual-based modelling of adaptive physiological traits of cyanobacteria: Responses to light history

Adaptive physiological traits of cyanobacteria allow plasticity of responses to environmental change at multiple time scales. Most conventional phytoplankton models only simulate responses to current conditions without incorporating antecedent environmental history and adaptive physiological traits, thereby potentially missing mechanisms that influence dynamics. We developed an individual-based model (IBM) that incorporates information on light exposure history and cell physiology coupled with a hydrodynamic model that simulates mixing and transport. The combined model successfully simulated cyanobacterial growth and respiration in a whole-lake nutrient enrichment experiment in a temperate lake (Peter Lake, Michigan, USA). The model also incorporates non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) to improve simulations of cyanobacteria biomass based on validation against cyanobacteria cell counts and chlorophyll concentration. The IBM demonstrated that physical processes (stratification and mixing) significantly affect the dynamics of NPQ in cyanobacteria. Cyanobacteria had high fluorescence quenching and long photo-physiological relaxation periods during stratification, and low quenching and rapid relaxation in response to low light exposure history as the mixing layer deepened. This work demonstrates that coupling adaptive physiological trait with physical mixing into models can improve our understanding and enhance predictions of bloom occurrences in response to environmental changes

Auto-labelling of Markers in Optical Motion Capture by Permutation Learning

Optical marker-based motion capture is a vital tool in applications such as motion and behavioural analysis, animation, and biomechanics. Labelling, that is, assigning optical markers to the pre-defined positions on the body is a time consuming and labour intensive postprocessing part of current motion capture pipelines. The problem can be considered as a ranking process in which markers shuffled by an unknown permutation matrix are sorted to recover the correct order. In this paper, we present a framework for automatic marker labelling which first estimates a permutation matrix for each individual frame using a differentiable permutation learning model and then utilizes temporal consistency to identify and correct remaining labelling errors. Experiments conducted on the test data show the effectiveness of our framework

Intensity correlations in electronic wave propagation in a disordered medium: the influence of spin-orbit scattering

We obtain explicit expressions for the correlation functions of transmission and reflection coefficients of coherent electronic waves propagating through a disordered quasi-one-dimensional medium with purely elastic diffusive scattering in the presence of spin-orbit interactions. We find in the metallic regime both large local intensity fluctuations and long-range correlations which ultimately lead to universal conductance fluctuations. We show that the main effect of spin-orbit scattering is to suppress both local and long-range intensity fluctuations by a universal symmetry factor 4. We use a scattering approach based on random transfer matrices.Comment: 15 pages, written in plain TeX, Preprint OUTP-93-42S (University of Oxford), to appear in Phys. Rev.

Multiple light scattering in anisotropic random media

In the last decade Diffusing Wave Spectroscopy (DWS) has emerged as a powerful tool to study turbid media. In this article we develop the formalism to describe light diffusion in general anisotropic turbid media. We give explicit formulas to calculate the diffusion tensor and the dynamic absorption coefficient, measured in DWS experiments. We apply our theory to uniaxial systems, namely nematic liquid crystals, where light is scattered from thermal fluctuations of the local optical axis, called director. We perform a detailed analysis of the two essential diffusion constants, parallel and perpendicular to the director, in terms of Frank elastic constants, dielectric anisotropy, and applied magnetic field. We also point out the relevance of our results to different liquid crystalline systems, such as discotic nematics, smectic-A phases, and polymer liquid crystals. Finally, we show that the dynamic absorption coefficient is the angular average over the inverse viscosity, which governs the dynamics of director fluctuations.Comment: 23 pages, 12 ps figures, to be published in Phys. Rev.

Analytical solutions to the third-harmonic generation in trans-polyacetylene: Application of dipole-dipole correlation on the single electron models

The analytical solutions for the third-harmonic generation (THG) on infinite chains in both Su-Shrieffer-Heeger (SSH) and Takayama-Lin-Liu-Maki (TLM) models of trans-polyacetylene are obtained through the scheme of dipole-dipole ($DD$) correlation. They are not equivalent to the results obtained through static current-current ($J_0J_0$) correlation or under polarization operator $\hat{P}$. The van Hove singularity disappears exactly in the analytical forms, showing that the experimentally observed two-photon absorption peak (TPA) in THG may not be directly explained by the single electron models.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.

Susceptibility calculations for alternating antiferromagnetic chains

Earlier work of Duffy and Barr consisting of exact calculations on alternating antiferromagnetic Heisenberg spin‐1/2 chains is extended to longer chains of up to 12 spins, and subsequent extrapolations of thermodynamic properties, particularly the susceptibility, are extended to the weak alternation region close to the uniform limit. This is the region of interest in connection with the recent experimental discovery of spin‐Peierls systems. The extrapolated susceptibility curves are compared with corresponding curves calculated from the model of Bulaevskii, which has been used extensively in approximate theoretical treatments of a variety of phenomena. Qualitative agreement is observed in the uniform limit and persists for all degrees of alternation, but quantitative differences of about 10% are present over the whole range, including the isolated dimer limit. Potential application of the new susceptibility calculations to experiment is discussed